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Archaic

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Early Dynastic IIIa

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Early Dynastic IIIb

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Old Babylonian

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Sign Exercises [6]

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Middle Assyrian

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Middle Babylonian

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Neo-Assyrian

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First Millennium

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Names

BM 085983

Numbers

CDLI P247857
BM 085983

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Old Babylonian
unclear provenience
Lexical
OB Ura
2

BM 085983 [OB Ura][via dcclt]


Obverse
Column i
o io i	(missing)
Column ii
o iio ii	(1-15 line missing)
o ii 1616	[...]	[...]-tum
	(4 lines blank)
o ii 2121	[...]	[maš]-⸢ku₂⸣ bu-ṣi-si	hide of a ...
o ii 2222	[...]	[ḫu]-mu-ṣi-ri	hide of a mouse
	(10 lines blank)
o ii 3333	[...]	[...]-tum
	(1 line blank)
o ii 3535	[...]	[...] x-tim
Column iii
o iii 1o iii 1	^kušx	[3<(zimuḫaru])>
o iii 22	^kuš⸢niŋ₂⸣-umbin-⸢na⸣	[4<(zimuḫaru])>
o iii 33	^kušniŋ₂ ḫul-a	5<(zimuḫaru)>
o iii 44	^kuš⸢ḫi⸣-ru	6<(zimuḫaru)>	a water skin
o iii 55	^kušzi-mu-ḫa-ru-um	7<(zimuḫaru)>	a leather object
o iii 66	kuš-tab	[ta]-kal-[ti] A.ZU^!(SU)ⁱ	double bag = physician's bag
o iii 77	^kuštun₃		leather sheath
o iii 88	^kuštun₃ šu-i		leather sheath for a barber
o iii 99	^kuštun₃ a-zu		leather sheath for a physician
o iii 1010	^kuštun₃ muḫaldim		leather sheath for a cook
o iii 1111	^kušla₂-la₂	ku-ru-us-su	leather strap
o iii 1212	^kuš⸢ḫar⸣ la₂-la₂		leather loop (connecting) straps
o iii 1313	^kuš[murub₄] la₂-la₂		leather connector (between) straps
o iii 1414	^kuš⸢a₂⸣^ul-la₂	še-eḫ-ru
o iii 1515	^kuš⸢a₂⸣-la₂	a-lu-<<A>>-u	a giant drum
o iii 1616	^kušLAGAB×U-⸢x⸣	kar-rum
o iii 1717	^kušKAD₅-x	MIN<(kar-rum)>
o iii 1818	^kuška^x-^{ab^?}-dab₅	aḫ^?-ra^?-mu^?
o iii 1919	^kušsi ig	MIN
o iii 2020	^kušsi ig	ma-ša-ak x-x-ku
o iii 2121	^kušḫar^!	sa-mar maš-qum1	leather loop on a watering can
o iii 2222	kuš ^sasa₉	ba-am-tum	half a hide
o iii 2323	kuš sa₉	ši-it-qu	strip of leather
o iii 2424	^kušim-kid₂	MIN<(ši-it-qu)>	leather scraps
o iii 2525	^kušbar im-kid₂	3<(ši-it-qu)>	pieces of a hide
o iii 2626	^kušzag-bar	ku-za-zu2	leather scraps = wood-wasp
o iii 2727	^kušDUN₃	mar-šum	leather straps
o iii 2828	^kuška-du₃	MIN<(mar-šum)>	leather cover = leather strap
o iii 2929	^kušbar-anše	ma-ak-[ka-ru]	donkey goad
o iii 3030	^kušbar-anše	u₂-ka-[pu]	pack-saddle
o iii 3131	^kušLU₂×GAN₂^t-PAP	la ⸢pi^?⸣-[du]	unforgiving leather
o iii 3232	^kuš⸢LU₂×GAN₂^t⸣-PAP	ŠEM-x-bu
o iii 3333	^kuš⸢AB₂×ŠA₃^?⸣	[...]
o iii 3434	^kuš[...]	[...]-⸢iš^?⸣
o iii 3535	^kuš[...]	[...]-⸢tum⸣
o iii 3636	^kušniŋ₂-SAL-[...]
o iii 3737	kuš še-gin₂		varnished hide
o iii 3838	kuš še-gin₂ urudu		hide decorated with varnish and copper
o iii 3939	kuš še-gin₂ kug-sig₁₇		hide decorated with varnish and gold
o iii 4040	^kušda-ga	da-an-nu
o iii 4141	^kušda-ga-rin-na	šu-pu-kum
o iii 4242	^kušda-si	maš-ka₃-ru	waterskin
o iii 4343	kuš niŋ₂ nu-si-is	ša la pi-du3	leather that does not spare
o iii 4444	kuš sig₇	wa-ar-qu₃	greenish leather
o iii 4545	kuš sig₇-sig₇	duḫ-šu-u₂	green leather
o iii 4646	^kušlu-ub₂^sar	pa-ru-tum	leather bag.
o iii 4747	<(^kušlu-ub₂^sar)>	sa-mar maš-qum
o iii 4848	^kušbar ^gu-^uzguz	qu pe-et-lu	hide with twisted fringes
o iii 4949	^kušniŋ₂-ŋal₂-la	zi-mu-ḫa-ru	a kind of water skin
o iii 5050	^kuša-ŋa₂-la₂ i₃-ŋeš	a-ia-ṣum	leather container for oil
Column iv
o iv 1o iv 1	im ⸢babbar⸣ [...]
o iv 22	im babbar₂	MIN		gypsum
o iv 33	im ⸢su₄⸣-a	a-da-ma-tum		dark reddish clay
o iv 44	im kug-sig₁₇	ka-lu-u₂		gold-colored clay = orpiment
o iv 55	im kun			river clay
o iv 66	im ⸢kun⸣-en-na			silty clay
o iv 77	⸢piš₁₀ id₂⸣-lu₂-ru-gu₂			sulphur
o iv 88	urud	⸢we⸣-ru-u₂		copper
o iv 99	urud ⸢niŋ₂⸣-kalag-ga	MIN<(we-ru-u₂)>		high-quality copper
o iv 1010	⸢urud⸣ uš₂	uš-šu		copper nugget
o iv 1111	urud [iš]-me-na	uš-me-na-ku		malachite (a copper mineral)
o iv 1212	urud kalag-ga	uš-šu dan-nu		strong copper = high-quality copper nuggets
o iv 1313	urud luḫ-ḫa	we-ru-u₂		refined copper = copper
o iv 1414	urud luḫ-ḫa	mi-sum₂		refined copper
o iv 1515	urud luḫ-ḫa	a-lu-lu-⸢tum⸣		refined copper = copper slag
o iv 1616	urud saḫar luḫ-ḫa	⸢URUDA⸣ ḪABRUD₄		refined copper ore = copper from a mine
o iv 1717	urud za-ri₂-in	[za]-ri-in-nu pi-iṣ-ṣum4		low quality copper; scraps
o iv 1818	urud giŋ₄ dilmun^ki	[...]-su GUD	x-pa al-pi	copper according to the Dilmun shekel = ... of a bull
o iv 1919	urud giŋ₄ ti-a-ma	5		copper according to the Tiama shekel
o iv 2020	urud ⸢x^?⸣ ḫu-ru-um-ma	URUDA ḪABRUD₄6		... copper of a mine = copper ore from a mine
o iv 2121	^urudšen	šu-un-nu		cauldron
o iv 2222	^urudšen	ru-uq-qum		sheet metal
o iv 2323	^urudšen im-ma	sa-an-ku-tu7		last year's sheet metal = remainder
o iv 2424	^urudšen im-ma	ša-pil₂-tum		last year's sheet metal = remainder
o iv 2525	^urudšen-dili₂	MIN<(ša-pil₂-tum)>		ewer = remainder
o iv 2626	^uruddilim₂ im-ma^!(BA)			last year's spoon measure
o iv 2727	^urud⸢dilim₂⸣ šu-niŋin₂	[...]-⸢tum⸣		total number of spoon measures
o iv 2828	^urud<<nu>>-dilim₂ gun₂ 1(aš)	[...]		balance pan with acapacity of 1 "load" (60 pounds)
o iv 2929	^uruddilim₂ 1(aš) gun₂	[...]-⸢qum⸣		balance pan with the capacity of one load (60 pounds)
o iv 3030	^urudur₂ limmu₂	[...]-pa-x-tim		four-legged copper stander
o iv 3131	^urud⸢umbin⸣-na	MIN<(x-pa-x-tim)>
o iv 3232	^urudx-la₂
o iv 3333	^urudla₂-la₂	⸢te^?⸣-er-tum
o iv 3434	urud-x	na-aṣ-rap-tum
o iv 3535	^urud⸢x-kaš^?⸣	x bu-ru-us-su₂
o iv 3636	^urudtab zabar ḫuš			red bronze arrowhead
o iv 3737	^urudtab zabar ḫuš	mul^!(NAB-)ma-al8		red bronze arrowhead = arrow
o iv 3838	^urudtab zabar ḫuš	ši-il-ta-ḫu		red bronze arrowhead = arrow
o iv 3939	[^uruddur₁₀-tab]-ba	pa-aš-tum		double ax
o iv 4040	^urudtab tur	ṣu₂-lu-u9		small arrowhead = copper needle(?)
o iv 4141	[^urud]gag	a-rik-tum		spear
o iv 4242	[^urud]gag sud	ki-bi-ir-ru10		a copper weapon
Column v
o v 1o v 1	^urud  ^ki-^en⸢kin⸣		sickle
o v 22	^urudḫa-bu-da	MIN	a kind of hoe
o v 33	^urudtun₃-sal	eḫ-zu	a small hoe
o v 44	^urudigi-mar	e-ḫi-iz MAR-i	shovel-shaped hoe
o v 55	^urud  ^gin₂kin	pa-šu	sickle = axe
o v 66	^urud  MIN.<(^gin₂)>kin	nig₂-gal-lum	sickle
o v 77	^urudkin ⸢DU^?⸣ [u₄]-sakar	pa-aš nig₂-gal	sickle blade
o v 88	^urud  ^sa-^ka⸢saga₁₁⸣	nig₂-gal-lum
o v 99	^urudsaga₁₁ ⸢gal⸣	pa-aš nig₂-gal	large sickle
o v 1010	^urudniŋ₂-^gi⸢gi₂⸣ saga₁₁^sa-^ka	ma-ak-da-du	part of a sickle
o v 1111	^urudgi₂-dim	ti-ti-nu	hay fork
o v 1212	^urudgi₂-dim gal	PAP	large hay fork
o v 1313	^urudgi₂-dim tur	di-ik-šum11
o v 1414	^urudgi₂-dim tur	me-eṭ-ru-u	a small hay fork
o v 1515	^uruddala₂	ṣe-lu-u	needle
o v 1616	^urudšukur	šu-kur-ru	spear
o v 1717	^urudšukur ⸢dar⸣-ru-um	[...] šu-kur-⸢ri⸣	a barbed spear
o v 1818	^urudubri	šu-⸢kur⸣-[ru]	lance
o v 1919	^urudubri₂^u-^x	da-[i-mu]	lance
o v 2020	^urudsilig ⸢DU⸣-[...]	[ku-lu]-⸢um⸣	kullum hoe
o v 2121	^urud  ^ku-^ul⸢kul⸣	MIN<([ku-lu]-um)>	kullum hoe
o v 2222	^urud⸢niŋ₂-kul⸣	[ku]-ul-lum	maul
o v 2323	^urud⸢kul⸣ giŋ₄	ku-ul pa-šu	grip of an axe
o v 2424	^uruda₂-aš-ŋar	a₂-aš-ga₂-ru12	a cast copper ax
o v 2525	^uruda₂-aš-ŋar	nap-ta-qu₂	a cast copper ax
o v 2626	^uruda₂-šu-du₇-a		(copper) tools
o v 2727	^urudaga-⸢silig⸣	MIN	battle ax
o v 2828	^urudḫa-zi-⸢in⸣		a kind of ax
o v 2929	^urudḫa-zi-in šu	qul-mu-u₂	a hand ax
o v 3030	^urudḫa-zi-in sila₃-gaz	kal-ma-ak-ru	battle ax
o v 3131	^urudḫa-zi-in arḫuš	MIN<(kal-ma-ak-ru)>	ax of compassion = battle ax
o v 3232	^urudḫa-zi-in arḫuš	ḫa-ṣi₂-in re-mi	ax of compassion
o v 3333	^urudḫa-zi-in gal^?	gi-⸢še-ek-ki-su-u₂⸣13	a large ax
o v 3434	^urudḫa-zi-in nin	ki-na-aš₂-⸢šu⸣
o v 3535	^urudgag zu₂	mul^!(NAB-)ma-al	arrow
o v 3636	^urudgag-u₂-tag-ga	ši-il-ta-ḫu
o v 3737	^urudgag ti	u₂-ṣum	arrowhead
o v 3838	^urudgag ^teti	pa-ru-uš-šu	arrow = goad
o v 3939	^urudbar-⸢us₂⸣	MIN<(pa-ru-uš-šu)>	goad
Reverse
Column i
r i 1r i 1	⸢^urud⸣[niŋ₂] za-ḫa-am-ma	14		copper cosmetic box
r i 22	⸢^urud⸣ŋiri₃ DU-kum	še-pa ru-[...]
r i 33	⸢^urud⸣šita₃	MIN<(še-pa)> ru-x
r i 44	^urudšita₃-sig-BAR	na-aṣ-rap-tum		crucible
r i 55	^urudšita₃-bar	pa-ga-[x]-tum
r i 66	^urudšita₃-bar ⸢gal tab⸣-ba	su₂-pa-ri-in-nu
r i 6a6a	šita₃ tur^?	na-aṣ-⸢rap-tum⸣		crucible
r i 6b6b	šita₃ x-x	[...]-ma-ak-⸢tum⸣
r i 6c6c	šita₃ tur^?-BAR^?	na-aṣ-rap-[tum] ni-ip-te-tum
r i 77	^urudšum-me	ša-ša-ru		saw
r i 88	^urudšum-me tur	⸢ne⸣-ep-te-tum		small saw
r i 99	^urudḫe₂-me-gin₆-na	maš-ka^!-nu		fetters (for a slave)
r i 1010	^urudšir₃-šir₃			copper chain
r i 1111	^urudḫar šir₃-šir₃			link of a copper chain
r i 1212	^urudmurub₄ šir₃-šir₃	la-la-⸢ar ši-ir⸣-[ši-ra-ti]15		"mourner:" cuffs of the fetters
r i 1313	^urudalan			copper statue
r i 1414	^urud^dlamma			copper lamma figurine
r i 1515	^urud⸢ki⸣-gal			copper pedestal
r i 1616	^urud⸢ki^?⸣-ŋal₂	MIN		copper pedestal
r i 1717	^urud[...]-x-DU
r i 1818	^urud[...]-x
r i 1919	urud gaba [...]			copper that has been ...
r i 2020	urud gaba nu-[...]			copper that has not been ...
r i 2121	^urudniŋ₂-sa-[sa]	[...]-tum		pan for roasting grain
r i 2222	^urudniŋ₂-ul tag-[ga]	[su-un]-⸢ki⸣-nu		corroded copper
r i 2323	^urudniŋ₂-ul tag-⸢ga⸣			corroded copper
r i 2424	^urudniŋ₂-galam-ma	MIN		skilled copper work
r i 2525	^urudniŋ₂-galam-ma	ep-še-tum		skilled copper work
r i 2626	^urudniŋ₂-dim₂-dim₂-ma	MIN<(ep-še-tum)>		finished copper product
r i 2727	^urudniŋ₂-dim₂ gul	ḫu-šu-u		recycled copper implements
r i 2828	^urudniŋ₂-IM-a	MIN<(ḫu-šu-u)>		copper scraps
r i 2929	^urudniŋ₂-su₁₃-a	ru-qum		sheet copper
r i 3030	urud niŋ₂-de₂-a	MIN<(ru-qum)>		cast copper = sheet copper
r i 3131	urud niŋ₂-de₂-a	pi-it-qum		cast copper
r i 3232	^urudniŋ₂ ḫi-a	bil₂-la-a-tum		copper alloy
r i 3333	^urudniŋ₂-gid₂-da	u-ra-ku		copper bar
r i 3434	^urudniŋ₂ izi sig₃-ge	na-ak-wu-u₂		copper roasting pan
r i 3535	^urudniŋ₂ ⸢izi⸣ BU	MIN<(na-ak-wu-u₂)>		roasting pan?
r i 3636	^urudniŋ₂-zal-la <<U>>	nig₂-zal-lu-u
r i 3737	[^urudniŋ₂-zal]-la	pi-iḫ-ru
	(traces of 1 line)
	following lines are added on the right edge
r i 3939	⸢^urud⸣pad-ra₂	ši-bir-tum		broken piece of copper
r i 4040	[^urud][niŋ₂^?]-gul-la	bu-ra-ru	za-ri₂-in	low quality copper
Column ii
r ii 1r ii 1	⸢zabar⸣	si^?-par-ra		bronze
r ii 22	⸢zabar⸣	qu₃-u		bronze measuring vessel of 1 sila (1 liter)
r ii 33	⸢zabar⸣	kak-ku		bronze weapon
r ii 44	⸢zabar⸣ za-ri₂-in	pi-iṣ-ṣu₂ ḫu-šu-u	za-ri₂-in-nu
r ii 55	⸢zabar⸣-šu	mu-ša-lu		bronze mirror
r ii 66	⸢zabar⸣ ḫi-a	[bil₂]-la-tum		bronze alloy
r ii 77	⸢zabar⸣ U^x-LAL^a	ša u-ba-al-lu16		bronze from a pit
r ii 88	zabar aga			bronze for an ax
r ii 99	zabar dug			bronze for a cooking pot
r ii 1010	zabar ma₂-gur₈			bronze for a (model) barge
r ii 1111	zabar laḫtan			bronze for a beer vat
r ii 1212	zabar li-li-is₃	sa₃-par₄^? LI.LI.IZ₃		bronze for a kettle drum
r ii 1313	gal^zabar	qu₃-u		bronze goblet of 1 sila (1 liter) capacity
r ii 1414	gal^zabar	ka-sum₂		bronze cup
r ii 1515	gal MUŠ₃^zabar	ka-la-a ni-a-tim		bronze goblet?
r ii 1616	ša-u₂-ša	sa₃-ap-pu17		bronze lance
r ii 1717	niŋ₂-šu	nam^!(MU.SUM-)ṣir-tum		bronze storage vessel
r ii 1818	šu-uš-ŋar	šu-uš-ga₂-ru		bronze basin
r ii 1919	šu-uš-la₂	nam^!(MU.SUM-)ṣir-tum		bronze storage vessel
r ii 2020	šu-še₃-la₂	⸢ka⸣-am-tum		bronze jar
r ii 2121	zag-šu-la₂	me-er-di-tum		bronze vessel for the merdītu ceremony
r ii 2222	DAG.KISIM₅×X-AŠ	nam^!(MU.SUM-)ṣir-tum		bronze storage vessel
r ii 2323	x-x-DI^?-KID^?-ḫu	MIN<(nam^!(MU.SUM-)ṣir-tum)>		bronze storage vessel
r ii 2424	niŋ₂ a-sur-ra	3<(nam^!(MU.SUM-)ṣir-tum)>		bronze (ritual) water vessel
r ii 2525	ŋeš-im-ba
r ii 2626	⸢ŋeš⸣-x-uri	x-[...]
r ii 2727	[li]-li-is₃	li-li-su		bronze kettle drum
r ii 2828	[...]-x	MIN<(li-li-su)>		bronze kettle drum
r ii 2929	x-x-x-DI	ar-ga-nu-um		conifer (name of a musical instrument?)
r ii 3030	šem₃	ḫal-ḫal-la-tum		bronze cymbals
r ii 3131	me-ze₂			bronze rattle
r ii 3232	⸢SILA₃^?⸣-[...]
r ii 3333	za-ḫum	x		bronze basin
r ii 3434	niŋ₂-na-[...]	tu-di-tum		toggle pin
r ii 3535	tu-di-tum	MIN<(tu-di-tum)>		toggle pin
r ii 3636	x-x-[...]	[...]-x-tum
r ii 3737	⸢KU^?-KU^?⸣-x-[...]
Column iii
r iii 1r iii 1	[bulug]-⸢KIN⸣-gur₄	mar-ṣa-du		lancet
r iii 22	⸢bulug-gur₁₀⸣ gul			a tool
r iii 33	⸢bulug-gur₁₀⸣ gul-gul	ma-qa-ru		chisel
r iii 44	⸢bulug⸣ bur	kul-lu-nu		sowing needle?
r iii 55	bulug mu-sar	MIN<(kul-lu-nu)>		chisel for writing (on stone)
r iii 66	bulug mu-sar	maš-ṭa-ru		chisel for writing
r iii 77	bulug algameš			chisel for working algameš stone
r iii 88	bulug ḫar-ra^!-an^!	ḫar-ra-an-nu		carpenter's tool
r iii 99	bulug niŋ₂-kud	⸢maḫ⸣-[ra]-ṣum	nap-ra-ṣu₂	a tool
r iii 1010	bulug U	AŠ-pu-ru-ṣu₂
r iii 1111	URUDA^pa-^lu-^ku-^u-^um-^me-^en	[x x]		a pin
r iii 1212	za₃-ḫa-da	[ma]-⸢ag⸣-ša-ru		an ax
r iii 1313	zag-la₂	[MIN]<(ma-ag-ša-ru)>		an ax
r iii 1414	šu SUD₂	3<(ma-ag-ša-ru)>		an ax
r iii 1515	⸢ma-ak-ša⸣-ru-um	4<(ma-ag-ša-ru)>		an ax
r iii 1616	[niŋ₂-gid₂]-da	i-⸢mi-tum⸣		lance
r iii 1717	[x] ⸢gal⸣-di	MIN<(i-mi-tum)>		exalted ... = lance
r iii 1818	[i-mi]-it-tum	3<(i-mi-tum)>		lance
r iii 1919	[...]-⸢KIN⸣	ma-⸢ak⸣-[ka]-su₂
r iii 2020	[...]-KIN	⸢maḫ-ru-u⸣
r iii 2121	[...]-DI ^ša-^ak[...]	[...]
r iii 2222	[...]-⸢kud⸣	[...]-gu
r iii 2323	[...]-⸢kud⸣	maḫ-ru-u
r iii 2424	[niŋ₂]-kud maḫ-ru-u	ma-ak-ka-su₂		a spade or knife
r iii 2525	niŋ₂-kud ma-⸢ak⸣-ka-su₂	maḫ-ru-u		a spade or knife
r iii 2626	ŋiri₂			dagger
r iii 2727	ŋiri₂ u₂-ṣu₂-ul-tum sig^?	[...]		a kind of knife
r iii 2828	ŋiri₂ gal	[nam]-ṣa-ru		sword
r iii 2929	ŋiri₂ SUR	[MIN<(nam-ṣa-ru])>		sword
r iii 3030	ŋiri₂ zag-ge₄ sig₉	3<(nam-ṣa-ru)>		dagger carried on the hips
r iii 3131	ŋiri₂ zi-iq-ti NI-u₅	še-eḫ-⸢pu^?⸣-[x]
r iii 3232	ŋiri₂ gud gaz ^{⸢nap-la-qu₂⸣}	uš^?-kur^?-tum		dagger for slaughtering oxen
r iii 3333	ŋiri₂ gud uš₂ ^{⸢nap-la-qu₂⸣}	PAP^?-la^?-zu^?		dagger for killing oxen
r iii 3434	ŋiri₂ ab₂ ^na-...šum^?	x-RU^?		dagger for slaughtering cows
r iii 3535	ŋiri₂ udu uš₂^uš	na-aṭ-ba-ḫu		dagger for killing sheep
r iii 3636	ŋiri₂ tur ^{<u₂>-ṣu₂-ul-tum}	a kind of knife
r iii 3737	⸢ŋiri₂⸣ [...] DU-x	... dagger
Column iv
r iv 1'r iv 1'	[...]	[...]-⸢su^?⸣
r iv 2'2'	[...]	[...]-su
r iv 3'3'	[...]-ga^?	x-nu
r iv 4'4'	[...]-ga	mu-x-u
r iv 5'5'	[...]-gub	qu-pu
r iv 6'6'	[...]-DU	ši-NAM-tum
r iv 7'7'	[...]-ta-ḫul-a
r iv 8'8'	[...]-niŋ₂-DU	ne-su^?
r iv 9'9'	[...]-x	ka^?-ri-⸢tum⸣

1See also o iii 47.

2The intial KU of the Akkadian side is probably superflous, or may belong to the Sumerian side (see {kuš}zag-bar ⸢LU⸣ = sa-as-su in the first millennium version MSL 7, 135 254 and MSL 9 201 254).

3The equivalence si-is = pīdu/padû etc. is known from various late lexical texts; Nabnitu 16, 121 (P365421 o ii 34); Erimhuš 6, 95 etc. See also CUSAS 12 7.1 Section 2 lines 4-8 with commentary (Old Babylonian "grammatical" texts).

4For Akkadian piṣṣu see 2012 Ilya Arkhipov, ARM 32 41 nt.130 with further literature.

5For Tiama (or Tēmā) as a source of copper see Karin Reiter, AOAT 249 168; Arkhipov ARM 32, 15-16.

6The expected sign in the Sumerian entry is IŠ (sahar), but the traces do not fit that reading.

7See the discussion of sankuttu in 2012 Arkhipov ARM 32, 19-21.

8The Akkadian may also be read nab-ma-al, but neither mulmal nor nabmal are known from elsewhere. The same writing of the word appears in o v 35.

9The same Akkadian word is written ṣe-lu-u in o v 15. The writing ṣu-lu-u appears in CT 6, 33a 12 but is very rare and the identification of the word remains uncertain.

10SUD is written over an erasure.

11The word dikšu is related to dakāšu, "to pierce" (CAD) or "to press in" (CDA) and refers to an illness or physical complaint as well as to an agricultural tool.

12In Ur III administrative texts and Sumerian literature (Gilgameš and Huwawa) a₂-aš-ŋar is known as a metal tool or weapon (see PSD A/2). The word a₂-aš-ŋar is found in connection with casting in the Gilgameš story, in the equation with naptaqu (<patāqu) in the next line and in Nabnitu 7, 210. It is possible, therefore, that Sumerian a₂-aš-ŋar is also etymologically related to Akkadian ešmarû/ašmarû, a silver alloy used in casting and overlay.

13Akakdian unclear and reading very uncertain.

14For za-ha-am and the possible connection to cosmectics, see 2007 M. Civil, Sudies Biggs 22.

15See {kuš}murub₄-la₂-la₂ = la-la-ar-tu

16Very uncertain.

17The word sappu "bowl" would be more in place here, but the Sumerian requires "lance."

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