OB Nippur Ura 01
1N. Miller and A. Gadotti, "The KHALUB-tree in Mesopotamia: Myth or Reality?" in FS G. Hillman (2009).
2see Postgate, BSA 3 130f.
3for the identification, see discussion of Powell BSA 6 106f.
4Steinkeller Mesopotamian Civilizations 4: 59-60; Postgate RLA 9 634.
5Postgate RLA 9 634.
6See Sturm AoF 35.
7Sources universally give bur, not bur₂ as in later versions. The Akkadian translations niplu, ziqpu, šitlu occur in later versions.
8See the discussion of Heimpel ZA 77: 57.
9See Postgate BSA 3 119f.
10Powell BSA 6 102f.
11Sallaberger apud Attinger ZA 95: 250-251 doubts that the verb can mean "to strip bark" as suggested by the Akkadian qalāpu, but his argument is unconvincing.
12The variant il would seem to preclude the reading alan, "statue".
13Reading BAD as mud₂ ("blood," i.e., "sap") is uncertain; see CAD šupuhru.
14Powell BSA 3 149f. for this and the following line.
15Postgate BSA 6 182 doubts "white cedar," and suggests another species of juniper, or fir.
16Volk RlA 10 287.
17Volk RlA 10 287.
18The translations mar-ru, "bitter", and iṣ-ku-ra-ri/as-qu-la-lu are given in later ur₅-ra.
19Cf. later ur₅-ra which inserts u₄-hi-in after ŋešnimbar, and for the process, Landsberger p. 53.
20See Volk RlA 10: 287.
21See Landsberger Date Palm 34 for distinction between peš (still growing frond) and pa (full-grown and drying frond)
22Landsberger Date Palm 27 and 29. Landsberger uses the word "spine" here because of mur₇, but he doesn't mean spine in the sense that it is used for the sharp lower leaflets of the frond, for which see l. 88 above.
23See Volk RlA 10: 286.
24See the note to 52d.
25according to Wilcox, BSA 6 8, there are only three other poplars besides P. euphratica that may have been in ancient Western Asia. If our lines 106f. are different species of poplar, they should be two of those three (P. alba, P. nigra, P. tremula).
26Later ur₅-ra tradition understands this entry as a type of tree.
27For the signs in 111f., see Veldhuis EEN 170; for the translations, see the discussion in CAD s.v. eddetu.
28For a substantive /guruš/, see Attinger ELS 521f.. This entry is translated with several Akkadian translations (kuṣimu, "bent stick", kisittu "branches," and (a)šarmadu, "medicinal plant) in later ur₅-ra.
29This corresponds to later {ŋeš}saŋ-guru₅-uš.
30This term occurs in Silver and Copper 54.
31This is an allograph of an-ti-bal (entry 317); see MSL 5 152:24f.
32The Middle Babylonian source CBS 4598 (PBS 12, 17; P229277) has {kuš}ka-du₃-a
33also in 164; here because of Magan and Meluhha in preceding lines?
34CAD s.v. arattû translates "excellent." Although the Akk. is only attested from SB on, the Sum. possibly had that meaning already in OB, since Aratta was not an actual place (like Magan and Meluhha above), but only a far-away land known from Sum. literature.
35the contrast between ki uš2 and silim in the next line suggests that a contrast death/health is intended. In the later Ura tradition, ki uš2 becomes ki us2 (2 occurrences, in Ura 4:78 and 91), and silim-ma of the following line becomes IM-ma-la2 (Ura 4:90).
36The term niŋ₂-gu-la also has an administrative meaning (excess?) corresponding to Akk. niggulû: (OBTR 141 (P 123076), Amherst 106 (P 100945), MVN 19 117 (P 120205), also Šulgi X 124 (= majesty).
37Ur4-ma is reinterpreted as urim{ki}-ma in later tradition.
38Compare the more extensive sections featuring emerah in Emar 6/4 544: 99'f., Hh 4 209f.
39Cf. {ŋeš}u₃ {ŋeš}har-ra keš₂-keš₂-ra₂-zu-u₃ "your planks fastened with rings", Klein, Studies Artzi 102:16.
40The variance of gur with the typical gur8, which is encountered later in the text, is difficult to explain.
41See Civil Wilcke FS 81-82.
42See Attinger ELS 464-465.
43See Kutscher ASJ 5: 62.
44See Cohen, Cultic Calendars 231-232.
45A boat of Enlil in later ur5-ra tradition.
46Is /zipah/ a unit of length here (syllabic occurences rare)?
47Variant peš-eš₂
48See M. Guichard, NABU 1994.31.
49For mud on vehicles, see P. Steinkeller, Ir 52 22.
50Phonetic variant of the previous line.
51van de Mieroop Crafts in the Early Isin Period (1987) 143 translates this term as a chariot or cart.
52See Parpola JNES 42: 2.
53Translated with Akkadian pisannu, "door socket."
54Compare Nabnitu G 87 (MSL 16: 128).
55Note also {ŋeš}kur4-ra = is,i kura Emar 6/4 72 246' (Emar) and {ŋeš}ku-ra (Ugarit).
56Akkadian argugu; see Veldhuis EEN 121-122.
57This term is mentioned by Civil FI 150.
58See Civil FI 76-77.
59Civil, FI 77
60See Civil Biggs FS 30.
61Compare the expanded expression tukul...ur2-ra...la2 that occurs in Dumuzi's Dream 125 and Inana's Descent 292. Two sources have ur3 (compare Inana and Ebih 20).
62The entry is translated kiskirru elû ("upper board") in Nabnitu 25 (K 2039 = P394154); see also the entries {ŋeš}dur₂ an-ta (upper board) and {ŋeš}dur₂ ki-ta (lower board) in Emar (P271911) and Ugarit that seem to replace lines 513-514 of the present text. Once the vertical loom was introduced the shed stick became the "upper stick." See CUSAS 3, 635 (among parts of a loom) and the discussion by Waetzoldt CUSAS 6, 411.
63For {ŋeš}bar-bi eš₂-ŋar see CUSAS 3, 635 (among parts of a loom) and the discussion by Waetzoldt CUSAS 6, 411.
64See Cavigneaux and al-Rawi ZA 85: 34.
65Civil JCS 52: n. 20 suggests that the illar was a composite bow. See also Groneberg RA 81: 115-124, 82: 71-73.
66Compare the context of Ningublaga A 29.
67See Civil JCS 55: 52.
68Perhaps read henbur?
69See Civil ARES 4: 100, who translates "Mari drum."
70See Veldhuis, EEN 187, who notes that it may also be the general word for tool.
71Veldhuis, EEN 188
721997 Niek Veldhuis, EEN 188
73Ura 4 416 reads {ŋeš}ŋisal anše (rather than ŋiri₃; see K 02016a+ = P289805). Context seems to require a reading ŋiri₃ here. It is assumed that the line was misread somewhere in its history of transmission.
74Compare the bulug-KIN-gur4 of OB Ur5-ra Nippur division 2 551.
75Compare the niŋ2-{u2}bur2{zabar} of OB Ur5-ra Nippur division 2 561.
76na-man-du and su-u2-tum in Hh B II 104.
77Emar 6/4 503'
78Emar 6/4 504'
79Emar 6/4 505'
80See Molina and Such-Gutierrez JNES 63: 12. Note translations in Emar version as discussed by Veldhuis EEN 108-109.
81See Civil Hallo FS: 74.
82See Veldhuis JAOS 120: 391.
83For 700-702, see I.L. Finkel, Ancient Board Games in Perspective (2007), 31; J. Wee, AMD 14 (2018) 845.
84The word is related to Akkadian arkabinnu; see Emar version.