gin [FIRM] V/i (1376x) Early Dynastic IIIb, Old Akkadian, Lagash II, Ur III, Old Babylonian, Middle Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian, Hellenistic, unknown wr. gin₆; gi-in; gin; ge-en; ge-en-ge-en; ge-en₈; gen₇; gin₆-gin₆; gin₆-na; ge₄-en; gi₄-na; ge-e; gi-ne; kin₂; ga; ge-e-en₆; ge-en-gin₆; ge₅-ne₂; gi-na-gi-na; gi₄; gi₄-gi₄; ig-in; gin-gin "(to be) firm, permanent; (to be) true, correct, normal; to make firm; to confirm, establish (in legal contexts), verify; a quality designation"

See inim gin[confirm]V/t.

[1]	𒄀	gin₆
[2]	𒄀𒅔	gi-in
[3]	𒁺	gin
[4]	𒄀𒂗	ge-en
[5]	𒄀𒂗𒄀𒂗	ge-en-ge-en
[6]	𒄀𒊭	ge-en₈
[7]	𒁶	gen₇
[8]	𒄀𒄀	gin₆-gin₆
[9]	𒄀𒈾	gin₆-na
[10]	𒄄𒂗	ge₄-en
[11]	𒄄𒈾	gi₄-na
[12]	𒄀𒂊	ge-e
[13]	𒄀𒉈	gi-ne
[14]	𒄯	kin₂
[15]	𒂵	ga
[16]	𒄀𒂊𒅔	ge-e-en₆
[17]	𒄀𒂗𒄀	ge-en-gin₆
[18]	𒆠𒉌	ge₅-ne₂
[19]	𒄀𒈾𒄀𒈾	gi-na-gi-na
[20]	𒄄	gi₄
[21]	𒄄𒄄	gi₄-gi₄
[22]	𒅅𒅔	ig-in
[23]	𒁺𒁺	gin-gin
+	--na=n.a (412x/30%); --ne=n+e (2x/0%); --ne=n.e (21x/2%); --ne₂=n.e (175x/13%).

	PC	ED IIIa	ED IIIb	Ebla	OAkk	Lag II	Ur III	OB	Post-OB	(unknown)
[1]			7		10	11	338	332	90	16
[2]			1		3		310	2		1
[3]			2		66		2	10	7	1
[4]			1				21	57	6
[5]								22	1
[6]							17
[7]							6	1
[8]						1		4	2
[9]			1				5	1
[10]								4
[11]								3
[12]								2
[13]			1					1
[14]								2
[15]								1
[16]							1
[17]								1
[18]							1
[19]									1
[20]									1
[21]									1
[22]								1
[23]

322 distinct forms attested; click to view forms table.

Attested in the following periods:

Early Dynastic IIIb (13x/1%)

Old Akkadian (79x/6%)

Lagash II (12x/1%)

Ur III (701x/51%)

Old Babylonian (444x/32%)

Middle Babylonian (30x/2%)

Neo-Assyrian (43x/3%)

Neo-Babylonian (21x/2%)

Hellenistic (15x/1%)

unknown (18x/1%)

Verbal prefixes: V ; V.V.b ; V.V.n ; V.b ; V.i ; V.m ; V.m.ta ; V.m.ta.b ; V.n ; V.n.da ; V.na ; Vmma ; Vmma.i.n ; al ; ba ; ba.V ; ba.e ; ba.i ; ba.i.b ; ba.i.n ; ba.n ; ba.n.da ; ba.na ; ba.ne ; ba.ne.V ; ba.ni ; ba.ta ; ba.ši.n ; bi.n ; ga ; ga.V.m.ši ; ga.ba.e.da ; ga.ba.i ; ga.n ; ha ; ha.V ; ha.V.b ; ha.V.b.ta.n ; ha.V.m.ši.m ; ha.V.na ; ha.V.na.b ; ha.V.ne ; ha.V.ne.b ; ha.V.ni ; ha.V.ni.b ; ha.V.ra.b ; ha.Vmma.i ; ha.Vmma.i.n ; ha.ba ; ha.ba.V.b ; ha.ba.i ; ha.mu ; ha.mu.a.ni.n ; ha.mu.i ; ha.mu.n ; ha.mu.n.ši.n ; ha.mu.ni.b ; ha.mu.ra.b ; ha.n.ši.n ; ha.ri.b ; la.ba.i ; mu ; mu.a.b ; mu.a.n ; mu.a.ni.n ; mu.i ; mu.i.b ; mu.i.n ; mu.n ; mu.n.da ; mu.n.ši ; mu.n.ši.n ; mu.na ; mu.na.n ; mu.na.ni.n ; mu.ne ; mu.ni ; mu.ni.n ; mu.ra ; mu.ra.b ; mu.ra.i.n ; mu.ra.n ; mu.ra.ni ; mu.ra.ni.n ; mu.ši ; na ; na.V.n ; na.V.na ; na.V.ra ; na.Vmma.i.n ; na.ba.e ; na.m.ba ; nu ; nu.V ; nu.V.b ; nu.V.da ; nu.V.e ; nu.V.m ; nu.V.n ; nu.V.n.da ; nu.Vmma.e ; nu.b ; nu.ba ; nu.ba.i.n ; nu.mu.n ; u ; u.ba.i ; u.m.da.i ; u.mu.V.ni ; u.mu.ni ; u.ni ; ~nu ; ša.V.n .

Senses:

1. (to be) firm, permanent (770x/56%)

2. (to be) true, correct, normal (23x/2%)

3. to make firm [V/t] (1x/0%)

4. to confirm, establish (in legal contexts), verify [V/t] (579x/42%)

5. a quality designation [AJ] (3x/0%)

Akk. kânu; kīnu.

Bibliography

[2006] M. Jaques, Vocabulaire des sentiments 17 wn44.

[2006] W. Sommerfeld, Akkadian Language 61-62.

[2002] J. Høyrup, Lengths Widths Surfaces 44.

[1998] J. Bauer, Vorsargonische Abschnitt 437.

[1992] M. Sigrist, Drehem 99.

[1991] I.J. Gelb, P. Steinkeller and R.M. Whiting, Kudurrus 248.

[1990] T. Krispijn, Akkadica 70 6.

[1989] P. Steinkeller, SDU 84.

[1972] H. Waetzoldt, UNT 47-49.

gin

= magārum (AJSL 36.2,158-160 ii 26').

gin₆

= kīnu (AJSL 36.2,158-160 ii 24').

Lexical Associations

kânu[be(come) permanent]V (// gin[firm])

gi-na = ku-⸢un⸣-[nu-u₂] (KBo 01, 37 i' 6'; KBo 26, 025 + KBo 01, 35 r ii 12').

gin = ka-a-nu (CT 11, pl. 29-32, DT 040 r ii 23).

ma-an-gin₆-na = u₂-⸢ki⸣-[in-na] (VS 24, 005 r i 13').

ma-an-gin₆-na = u₂-[ki-na-am] (VS 24, 005 r i 14').

kīnu[permanent]AJ (// gin[firm])

gin₆ = ⸢ki⸣-i-nu (AJSL 36.2,158-160 ii 24').

magāru[consent]V (// gin[firm])

gin = ma-ga-rum (AJSL 36.2,158-160 ii 26').

sanāqu[check]V ša[of]DET sarru[false one]N (// gin[firm])

gin₆-na = MIN<(sa-na-qu)> ša₂ ^lu₂TUM₉ (K 00073+ o ii 6).

mahīru[price]N kīnu[permanent]AJ (// x gin[firm])

[... gin₆]-na = MIN<(ma-ḫi-ru)> ⸢ki⸣-i-[nu] (Iraq 06, 31 o i' 4').

mahīru[price]N lā[not]MOD kīnu[permanent]AJ (// x gin[firm])

[... nu-gin₆]-na = MIN<(ma-ḫi-ru)> la MIN<(ki-i-nu)> (Iraq 06, 31 o i' 5').

ṣibtu[interest]N x (// x gin[firm])

[...] gin₆-na = ṣi-⸢bat⸣ [...] (K 16163 o ii 1).

[...] gin₆-na = ṣib-tu₂ [...] (K 16163 o ii 2).

gabadibbu[parapet]N (// bad[wall] gin[firm] ri-a)

[bad₃ gin₆] ri-a = gaba-^didib-bu (CT 19, pl. 10, K 04197 + CT 19, pl. 07, K 08670 + K 04550 o i 13).

kīnu[permanent]AJ (// kag[mouth] gin[firm])

ka gin₆-⸢na⸣ = ki-nu (Oriento 23/2, 1-19 o iii 47).

lā[not]MOD kīnu[permanent]AJ (// kag[mouth] gin[firm])

⸢ka⸣ [nu-gin₆]-⸢na⸣ = ⸢la ki⸣-nu (Oriento 23/2, 1-19 o iii 48).

sanāqu[check]V ša[of]DET pû[mouth]N (// kag[mouth] gin[firm])

ka gin₆-na = MIN<(sa-na-qu)> ša₂ pi-i (K 00073+ o ii 20).

kīnu[permanent one]N (// lu[person] gin[firm])

[lu₂ gin₆-na] = ⸢ki-i⸣-nu (OB Lu2-Azlag2 B-C Seg.2, 137).

ša[that]REL libbu[inner body]N kīnu[permanent]AJ (// lu[person] šag[heart] gin[firm])

[lu₂ šag₄ gin₆-na] = ša li-ib-ba ki-nu (OB Lu2-Azlag2 B-C Seg.2, 142).

ṣibtu[interest]N x (// maš[interest] Utu[1] gin[firm])

maš₂ ^dutu gin₆-na = MIN<(ṣib-tu₂)> [...] (MKT 1, 029, K 08687 o i 5').

ṣibtu[interest]N Šamaš[1]DN kīnu[permanent]AJ (// maš[interest] Utu[1] gin[firm])

[maš₂] ^dutu gi-na = MIN<(ṣi-bat)> MIN<(^dša₂-maš)> ki-i-ni (MSL SS 1, p. 060 catalogue 1924-2244 o i' 4').

⸢maš₂⸣ ^dutu gi-na = MIN<(ṣib-bat)> MIN<(^dša₂-maš)> ⸢ki⸣-i-ni (Iraq 06, 01 + 11 o ii 9).

ṣibtu[interest]N kīnu[permanent]AJ (// maš[interest] gin[firm])

⸢maš₂⸣ gi-na = ṣib-⸢tum ki-i⸣-ni (Iraq 06, 01 + 11 o ii 10).

ṣibtu[interest]N x (// maš[interest] gin[firm])

maš₂ gin₆-na = MIN<(ṣib-tu₂)> [...] (MKT 1, 029, K 08687 o i 6').

ṣibtu[interest]N kīnu[permanent]AJ waṣābu[add]V (// maš[interest] gin[firm] tah[add])

⸢maš₂ gi-na taḫ⸣-ḫe-dam = MIN<(ṣib-tum)> [MIN<(ki-i-ni])> ⸢uṣ-ṣab⸣ (Iraq 06, 01 + 11 o ii 11).

ṣibtu[interest]N x (// maš[interest] gin[firm] tah[add])

maš₂ MIN<(gin₆-na)> taḫ-ḫe-dam = MIN<(ṣib-tu₂)> [...] (MKT 1, 029, K 08687 o i 7'; K 16163 o ii 3).

kakkabu[star]N kittu[steadiness]N u[and]CNJ mīšaru[justice]N (// mul[star] gin[firm])

⸢mul⸣ gin₆-gin₆ = MUL kit-tu₂ u me-šar ^dSAG.UŠ ^dUTU (K 00260+ o 15').

kakkabu[star]N kīnu[permanent]AJ x (// mul[star] gin[firm])

mul gi-gi = MUL kit-[tu₂ ...] [...] (SpTU 3, 116 r i 8').

lā[not]MOD kīnu[permanent]AJ (// niŋ[thing] gin[firm])

⸢niŋ₂⸣ [nu-gi-na] = la ki-⸢nu⸣-um (YBC 13524 b 97).

kīnu[permanent]AJ (// nundum[lip] gin[firm])

nundum gin₆-na = ki-it-tu₃ (Oriento 23/2, 1-19 r iii 44).

lā[not]MOD kīnu[permanent]AJ (// nundum[lip] gin[firm])

nundum^!(KA) nu-gin₆-na = la ki-it-tu₃ (Oriento 23/2, 1-19 r iii 45).

u[and]CNJ kīnu[permanent]AJ (// u[and] gin[firm])

u₃ gin₆-⸢na-ta-am₃^?⸣ = u ⸢ki-i⸣-ni (MSL SS 1, p. 058 catalogue 1924-0819 o i' 10').

u[and]CNJ kīnu[reliable one]N (// u[and] lu[person] gin[firm])

u₃ lu₂ gin₆-na-ta-am₃ = u₃ ki-i-ni (K 08521 o ii 25).

bandillu[belly]N (// uzu[flesh] gin[firm])

uzu ge-en-ge-en = pa-an-⸢di⸣-[lum] (CUSAS 12, 7.1 A o ii 33).

mahīru[price]N kīnu[permanent]AJ (// šakanka[market] gin[firm])

šakanka gin₆-na = ma-ḫi-rum ki₂-nu (MB Ura 02 Seg.1, 113).

mahīru[price]N x (// šakanka[market] gin[firm])

[šakanka nu]-⸢gin₆^?⸣-[na] = ⸢MIN⸣<(ma-ḫi-ru)> [...] (MSL SS 1, 002 o i' 3').

kīnu[permanent]AJ (// šeg[voice] gin[firm])

šeg₁₀ gin₆-na = ki-nu-[tum] (Oriento 23/2, 1-19 r iv 19).

References for all phrases

gin[firm]

ge-en-ge-en (OB Nippur Lu 624).

⸢ge⸣-[en-ge-en] = [...] (KUB 03, 112 + KBo 26, 037 o ii' 1').

ge-en-gin₆-na (Education in the Earliest Schools no. 137 o 3).

⸢kin₂(ḪI×AŠ₂)⸣ (MSL 13, 13 J, 14 R r iii 23').

ma-an-gin₆-na (KBo 26, 48 ii' 5').

nu-gin₆-na (OB Nippur Izi Tab.II, 178; MSL 13, 40 F r iv 5; MSL 13, 40 B o iv 30').

gi-na = ku-⸢un⸣-[nu-u₂] (KBo 01, 37 i' 6'; KBo 26, 025 + KBo 01, 35 r ii 12').

gin = ka-a-nu (CT 11, pl. 29-32, DT 040 r ii 23).

ma-an-gin₆-na = u₂-⸢ki⸣-[in-na] (VS 24, 005 r i 13').

ma-an-gin₆-na = u₂-[ki-na-am] (VS 24, 005 r i 14').

gin₆ = ⸢ki⸣-i-nu (AJSL 36.2,158-160 ii 24').

gin = ma-ga-rum (AJSL 36.2,158-160 ii 26').

gin₆-na = MIN<(sa-na-qu)> ša₂ ^lu₂TUM₉ (K 00073+ o ii 6).

x gin[firm]

[...] ⸢gi-na⸣ (NMI BK 00555 r ii 8, r ii 9, r ii 10).

[... gin₆]-na = MIN<(ma-ḫi-ru)> ⸢ki⸣-i-[nu] (Iraq 06, 31 o i' 4').

[... nu-gin₆]-na = MIN<(ma-ḫi-ru)> la MIN<(ki-i-nu)> (Iraq 06, 31 o i' 5').

[...] gin₆-na = ṣi-⸢bat⸣ [...] (K 16163 o ii 1).

[...] gin₆-na = ṣib-tu₂ [...] (K 16163 o ii 2).

aga[tiara] gin[firm]

aga ⸢gin₆-na⸣ (OB Nippur Izi Tab.II, 398; MSL 13, 40 B r iii 17').

bad[wall] gin[firm] ri-a

[bad₃ gin₆] ri-a = gaba-^didib-bu (CT 19, pl. 10, K 04197 + CT 19, pl. 07, K 08670 + K 04550 o i 13).

bala[turn] gin[firm]

bala gin₆-na (OB Nippur Izi Tab.II, 459; Nippur Nigga 403).

gu[neck] gin[firm]

gu₂ ⸢nu⸣-gin₆-⸢na⸣ (Nippur Nigga 446).

kag[mouth] gin[firm]

ka gin₆-⸢na⸣ = ki-nu (Oriento 23/2, 1-19 o iii 47).

⸢ka⸣ [nu-gin₆]-⸢na⸣ = ⸢la ki⸣-nu (Oriento 23/2, 1-19 o iii 48).

ka gin₆-na = MIN<(sa-na-qu)> ša₂ pi-i (K 00073+ o ii 20).

lu[person] gin[firm]

lu₂ gi-⸢na⸣ (CUNES 48-06-399 o 2).

lu₂ ⸢gin₆⸣-na (IM 070209 r ii 4).

lu₂ nu-⸢gin₆⸣-na (IM 070209 r ii 5).

[lu₂ gin₆-na] = ⸢ki-i⸣-nu (OB Lu2-Azlag2 B-C Seg.2, 137).

lu[person] šag[heart] gin[firm]

[lu₂ šag₄ gin₆-na] = ša li-ib-ba ki-nu (OB Lu2-Azlag2 B-C Seg.2, 142).

maš[interest] Utu[1] gin[firm]

maš₂ ^dutu ⸢gi-na⸣ (HS 1613 + HS 1642 r ii 13).

⸢maš₂⸣ ^dutu gi-[na] = [...] (MSL SS 1, p. 059 catalogue 1924-1692 o 4'; MSL SS 1, p. 058 catalogue 1924-0893 o ii' 6').

maš₂ ^dutu gin₆-na (Emar 6/1, p. 135-136, Msk 731059a + o i 35'; VS 24, 011 3; OB Nippur Ki-ulutin-bi-še 81; Emar 6/1, p. 127, Msk 731046 o ii 3).

⸢maš₂ ^d⸣utu gi₄-na (CBS 01862 o i 31').

maš₂ ^dutu gin₆-na = MIN<(ṣib-tu₂)> [...] (MKT 1, 029, K 08687 o i 5').

[maš₂] ^dutu gi-na = MIN<(ṣi-bat)> MIN<(^dša₂-maš)> ki-i-ni (MSL SS 1, p. 060 catalogue 1924-2244 o i' 4').

⸢maš₂⸣ ^dutu gi-na = MIN<(ṣib-bat)> MIN<(^dša₂-maš)> ⸢ki⸣-i-ni (Iraq 06, 01 + 11 o ii 9).

maš[interest] gin[firm]

maš₂ gi-na (OB Nippur Ki-ulutin-bi-še 80; HS 1613 + HS 1642 r ii 12).

⸢maš₂⸣ gi-[na] = [...] (MSL SS 1, p. 059 catalogue 1924-1692 o 5').

maš₂ gin₆-na (Emar 6/1, p. 135-136, Msk 731059a + o i 36'; VS 24, 011 4; Emar 6/1, p. 127, Msk 731046 o ii 4).

⸢maš₂⸣ gi₄-na (CBS 01862 o i 32').

⸢maš₂⸣ gi-na = ṣib-⸢tum ki-i⸣-ni (Iraq 06, 01 + 11 o ii 10).

maš₂ gin₆-na = MIN<(ṣib-tu₂)> [...] (MKT 1, 029, K 08687 o i 6').

maš[interest] gin[firm] tah[add]

[maš₂] ⸢gi-na taḫ⸣-[ḫe-dam] = [...] (MSL SS 1, p. 059 catalogue 1924-1692 o 6').

maš₂ gin₆-na taḫ-⸢e⸣-<dam> (Emar 6/1, p. 135-136, Msk 731059a + o i 37'; Emar 6/1, p. 127, Msk 731046 o ii 5).

maš₂ gin₆-na taḫ-ḫe-dam (VS 24, 011 5).

⸢maš₂ gi₄⸣-na taḫ-⸢ḫe-dam⸣ (CBS 01862 o i 33').

⸢maš₂ gi-na taḫ⸣-ḫe-dam = MIN<(ṣib-tum)> [MIN<(ki-i-ni])> ⸢uṣ-ṣab⸣ (Iraq 06, 01 + 11 o ii 11).

maš₂ MIN<(gin₆-na)> taḫ-ḫe-dam = MIN<(ṣib-tu₂)> [...] (MKT 1, 029, K 08687 o i 7'; K 16163 o ii 3).

mu[year] gin[firm]

mu ⸢gin₆⸣-[na] = [...] (MSL SS 1, 002 o ii' 13').

mu nu-⸢gin₆⸣-[na] = [...] (MSL SS 1, 002 o ii' 14').

mul[star] gin[firm]

⸢mul⸣ gin₆-gin₆ = MUL kit-tu₂ u me-šar ^dSAG.UŠ ^dUTU (K 00260+ o 15').

mul gi-gi = MUL kit-[tu₂ ...] [...] (SpTU 3, 116 r i 8').

niŋ[thing] gin[firm]

niŋ₂ nu-gin₆-na (Nippur Nigga 118).

⸢niŋ₂⸣ [nu-gi-na] = la ki-⸢nu⸣-um (YBC 13524 b 97).

niŋ[thing] gin[firm] lā[not] kittu[steadiness]

niŋ₂ nu-gin₆-na la ki-tum (Nippur Nigga 66).

nundum[lip] gin[firm]

nundum gin₆-na = ki-it-tu₃ (Oriento 23/2, 1-19 r iii 44).

nundum^!(KA) nu-gin₆-na = la ki-it-tu₃ (Oriento 23/2, 1-19 r iii 45).

suhuš[foundation] guza[chair] gin[firm] x usal[meadow] durun[sit]

suḫuš ^ŋešgu-za-bi ḫe₂-en-ši-in-gin-⸢na x⸣ u₂-sal-la ḫe₂-en-dur₂-⸢ru⸣-[na-aš] (PBS 12, 07 o 15').

u[and] gin[firm]

⸢u₃ gin₆-na-ta-am₃⸣ = [...] (MSL SS 1, p. 058 catalogue 1924-0819 o ii' 3').

u₃ gin₆-⸢na-ta-am₃^?⸣ = u ⸢ki-i⸣-ni (MSL SS 1, p. 058 catalogue 1924-0819 o i' 10').

u[and] lu[person] gin[firm]

u₃ lu₂ gin₆-na-ta (Emar 6/1, p. 127, Msk 731046 r ii 19').

u₃ lu₂ gin₆-na-ta-am₃ = u₃ ki-i-ni (K 08521 o ii 25).

uzu[flesh] gin[firm]

uzu ge-en-ge-en = pa-an-⸢di⸣-[lum] (CUSAS 12, 7.1 A o ii 33).

šakanka[market] gin[firm]

šakanka gin₆-⸢na⸣ = [...] (K 11407 ii' 3'; MSL SS 1, 002 o i' 2').

šakanka nu-gin₆-na = [...] (K 11407 ii' 4').

šakanka gin₆-na = ma-ḫi-rum ki₂-nu (MB Ura 02 Seg.1, 113).

[šakanka nu]-⸢gin₆^?⸣-[na] = ⸢MIN⸣<(ma-ḫi-ru)> [...] (MSL SS 1, 002 o i' 3').

šeg[voice] gin[firm]

šeg₁₀ gin₆-na = ki-nu-[tum] (Oriento 23/2, 1-19 r iv 19).

šu[hand] gin[firm]

šu gin₆-na (Nippur Nigga 177).

šuba[stone] gin[firm]

[^na₄]⸢šuba⸣ gi-na (MSL 10, 062 a ii 9).

šusi[object] gin[firm]

^kuššu-si gin₆-na (UET 7, 092 ii 9').

Word ID: o0028256; Citation URL: http://oracc.org/epsd2/o0028256; version 2.7.2 (built 2024-08-31)