gul [DESTROY] V/t (1193x) Early Dynastic IIIa, Early Dynastic IIIb, Ebla, Old Akkadian, Lagash II, Ur III, Old Babylonian, Middle Assyrian, Middle Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian, Hellenistic, Uncertain, unknown wr. gul; gul-gul; gu-la; gu-ul; gu-ul-gu-ul; gu; gu-le; gul-lu-u₈; gu-lu-u₈; gul-ul; gu-lu; ku; gu-ul-gu-la "to destroy; to break (up), pulverize; to flatten; to carve, cut; to engrave; to go bad (said of foodstuffs); to shave (hair); to strip a boat; to whet; to erase (debt); to trim; to hold back, restrain"

See er gul[restrain crying]V/t, gi gul[process reeds]V/t, gisal gul[process reeds]V/t, kug a gula[payment]N, ura gul[erase a debt]V/t.

[1]	𒄢	gul
[2]	𒄢𒄢	gul-gul
[3]	𒄖𒆷	gu-la
[4]	𒄖𒌌	gu-ul
[5]	𒄖𒌌𒄖𒌌	gu-ul-gu-ul
[6]	𒄖	gu
[7]	𒄖𒇷	gu-le
[8]	𒄢𒇻𒇇	gul-lu-u₈
[9]	𒄖𒇻𒇇	gu-lu-u₈
[10]	𒄢𒌌	gul-ul
[11]	𒄖𒇻	gu-lu
[12]	𒆪	ku
[13]	𒄖𒌌𒄖𒆷	gu-ul-gu-la
+	--la=l.a (227x/19%); --le=l.e (7x/1%); --lu=l+u (2x/0%); --lu=l.a (0x/0%); --lu=l.u (53x/4%).

	PC	ED IIIa	ED IIIb	Ebla	OAkk	Lag II	Ur III	OB	Post-OB	(unknown)
[1]		5	1		3	2	212	452	144	4
[2]		5	10	1	1	1	3	193	106	8
[3]								9	2
[4]								7	2
[5]								3	3
[6]								3	1
[7]								3
[8]								3
[9]								2
[10]										2
[11]								1
[12]								1
[13]

243 distinct forms attested; click to view forms table.

Attested in the following periods:

Early Dynastic IIIa (10x/1%)

Early Dynastic IIIb (11x/1%)

Ebla (1x/0%)

Old Akkadian (4x/0%)

Lagash II (3x/0%)

Ur III (215x/18%)

Old Babylonian (677x/57%)

Middle Assyrian (3x/0%)

Middle Babylonian (9x/1%)

Neo-Assyrian (131x/11%)

Neo-Babylonian (23x/2%)

Hellenistic (92x/8%)

Uncertain (1x/0%)

unknown (13x/1%)

Verbal prefixes: V ; V.b ; V.m ; V.mu.i.n ; V.n ; V.ni ; Vmma ; Vmma.b ; Vmma.i ; Vmma.i.b ; Vmma.i.n ; Vmma.n ; Vnga.ba ; al ; ba ; ba.a ; ba.b ; ba.da ; ba.e ; ba.e.da ; ba.i ; ba.i.n ; ba.n ; ba.n.da ; ba.ni.b ; bara ; ga ; ga.V.ra.i ; ga.Vmma.i.b ; ha ; ha.V.b ; ha.V.m ; ha.V.n ; ha.Vmma ; ha.ba ; ha.ba.i.b ; ha.inga.mu.da.i ; ha.mu ; ha.mu.a.b ; ha.mu.da ; ha.mu.da.n ; ha.mu.e ; ha.mu.i.b ; inga ; ma.b ; mu ; mu.a.b ; mu.a.ni.n ; mu.da ; mu.e ; mu.i.b ; mu.n ; mu.n.da ; mu.n.ši ; mu.na ; mu.na.b ; mu.ni ; mu.ni.b ; mu.ni.n ; na ; na.V.n ; na.Vmma.i ; na.ba ; na.ba.b ; na.ba.e ; na.inga.ba.V.b ; na.inga.ba.i.b ; na.m ; nu ; nu.V.b ; nu.V.n ; nu.b ; nu.ba.i ; nu.mu ; nu.mu.n ; nu.mu.n.b ; nu.mu.ni ; nu.mu.ni.b ; nuš ; nuš.ba ; nuš.ba.n ; u.ba.i ; u.mu.e ; x ; ša ; ša.V ; ša.V.ra ; ša.V.ra.n ; ša.ba.da.n ; ša.mu.na.n .

Senses:

1. to destroy (1148x/96%)

2. to break (up), pulverize

3. to flatten

4. to carve, cut (1x/0%)

5. to engrave

6. to go bad (said of foodstuffs)

7. to shave (hair)

8. to strip a boat

9. to whet

10. to erase (debt)

11. to trim (1x/0%)

12. to hold back, restrain (43x/4%)

Akk. abātu; hepû; kalû; naqāru; sapānu.

Bibliography

[2009] W. Heimpel, Workers 230; 260.

[2006] M. Jaques, Vocabulaire des sentiments 355 n747.

[2005] P. Attinger, ZA 95 226.

[1998] J. Bauer, Vorsargonische Abschnitt 491.

[1987] J. Bauer, AoN 1987/44.

[1980] M. Civil, JCS 32 232 n5.

[1979] M. Stol, On Trees 90-91 wn362.

gul

(OB Nippur Ea 586).

Lexical Associations

abātu[destroy]V (// gul[destroy])

gul = a-ba-tu (CT 51, pl. 58-60, BM 122629+ r? ii 50'; CT 19, pl. 48-49, K 00026 o ii 25').

⸢gul⸣ = [a-ba]-tum (CT 19, pl. 17-19, K 04386+ o ii 60').

⸢gul-ba⸣ = [na-aḫ]-bi-⸢it⸣ (CUSAS 12, 7.1 A o i 16').

gul-la = a-ba-tu (TCL 06, 35 r ii 37).

hasāru[flake away]V (// gul[destroy])

gul = ḫe-se-rum (CT 19, pl. 30, K 04580+ r ii' 7').

hepû[break]V (// gul[destroy])

gul = ḫe-pu-u₂ (CT 51, pl. 58-60, BM 122629+ r? ii 51').

kalû[hold (back)]V ša[of]DET awīlu[man]N (// gul[destroy])

gul = MIN<(ka-lu-u)> ša₂ a-me-li (CT 12, pl. 40-41, K 00039 r i 54').

kalû[hold (back)]V ša[of]DET eqlu[field]N (// gul[destroy])

[gul]-la = MIN<(ka-lu-u₂)> ša₂ A.ŠAG₄ (CT 18, pl. 33-35, K 04370+ r ii 11').

sapānu[flatten]V (// gul[destroy])

gul = sa-pa-nu (CT 51, pl. 58-60, BM 122629+ r? ii 52').

maqqāru[chisel]N (// buluggur[scythe?] gul[destroy])

⸢bulug-gur₁₀⸣ gul-gul = ma-qa-ru (BM 085983 r iii 3).

abtu[destroyed]AJ (// kag[mouth] gul[destroy])

ka gu-la = ab-tu (Oriento 23/2, 1-19 o iii 44).

ša[that]REL libbu[inner body]N muqāru[(meaning unknown)]N malû[full]AJ (// lu[person] šag[heart] šu[hand] gul[destroy] ak[do])

lu₂ šag₄ šu gul ak = ša li-ib-ba-šu mu-qa₂-ra ⸢ma⸣-[lu]-u₂ (OB Lu2-Azlag2 B-C Seg.2, 166).

iklu[victim]N (// niŋ[thing] gul[destroy])

niŋ₂ gul-lu-da = i-kil-tu₂ (TCL 06, 35 r ii 40).

sumkīnu[rot]N (// niŋ[thing] gul[destroy] tag[touch])

^urudniŋ₂ gul tag-ga = su-un-gi-in-[nu] (Ura 11 section 3, 116; BM 047673 o 6').

hušû[(metal) scraps]N (// niŋdim[object] gul[destroy])

[niŋ₂]-⸢dim₂⸣ gul = ḫu-šu-u₂ (YBC 13524 b 91).

^urudniŋ₂-dim₂ gul = ḫu-šu-u (BM 085983 r i 27).

nahallu[stream]N (// piš[bank] gul[destroy])

piš₁₀ gul = na-⸢ḫa-al⸣-lum (SLT 003 o ii 14).

tuttubu[(a woollen fabric?)]N (// siki[hair] gul[destroy])

[^tug₂siki] ⸢gul⸣-gul = tu-ut-tu₂-bu-u₂ MIN<(na-aḫ-lap-tu₂)> MIN<(qa-tan-tu₂)> (SpTU 3, 116 o i 13).

tuttubû[(woollen fabric)?]N (// tug[textile] siki[hair] gul[destroy])

tug₂ siki gul-gul = tu-ut-bu-[u] (Rm 0606+ r i 25).

šinnu[tooth]N mahrû[first]AJ (// zu[tooth] gul[destroy])

[zu₂ gul]-ŋu₁₀ = ši-in-ni ma-aḫ-⸢ri⸣-[tum] (UET 7, 095 o 13').

References for all phrases

gul[destroy]

gul (OB Nippur Ea 586; Anonymous 447997 r ii 21; MSL 14, 018 Bb r vi 49).

gul = pa-a-[x] (K 04177+ o ii 22').

gul = a-ba-tu (CT 51, pl. 58-60, BM 122629+ r? ii 50'; CT 19, pl. 48-49, K 00026 o ii 25').

⸢gul⸣ = [a-ba]-tum (CT 19, pl. 17-19, K 04386+ o ii 60').

⸢gul-ba⸣ = [na-aḫ]-bi-⸢it⸣ (CUSAS 12, 7.1 A o i 16').

gul-la = a-ba-tu (TCL 06, 35 r ii 37).

gul = ḫe-se-rum (CT 19, pl. 30, K 04580+ r ii' 7').

gul = ḫe-pu-u₂ (CT 51, pl. 58-60, BM 122629+ r? ii 51').

gul = MIN<(ka-lu-u)> ša₂ a-me-li (CT 12, pl. 40-41, K 00039 r i 54').

[gul]-la = MIN<(ka-lu-u₂)> ša₂ A.ŠAG₄ (CT 18, pl. 33-35, K 04370+ r ii 11').

gul = sa-pa-nu (CT 51, pl. 58-60, BM 122629+ r? ii 52').

buluggur[scythe?] gul[destroy]

⸢bulug-gur₁₀⸣ gul (BM 085983 r iii 2).

⸢bulug-gur₁₀⸣ gul-gul = ma-qa-ru (BM 085983 r iii 3).

e[house] gul[destroy]

e₂ gul-la (OB Nippur Kagal 131; CUSAS 12, 2.1.1 o ii 1', o ii 2', o ii 3').

gu[neck] gul[destroy]

gu₂-bi₂ gul-gul (OB Nippur Lu 377).

kag[mouth] gul[destroy]

ka gu-la = ab-tu (Oriento 23/2, 1-19 o iii 44).

ki[place] gul[destroy]

ki gul-gul (MEE 03, 043 o vi 3b).

ki gul-la (Nippur Nigga 529, 530).

kinkin[millstone] adbar[basalt] šu[hand] gul[destroy]

^na₄kinkin ad-bar šu gul-⸢gul⸣ = [...] (BM 037930 r 3'; Ura 16 Seg.6, 3).

kinkin[millstone] bahar[potter] šu[hand] gul[destroy]

^na₄kinkin baḫar₂ šu gul-⸢gul⸣ = [...] (BM 037930 r 6'; Ura 16 Seg.6, 6).

lu[person] šag[heart] šu[hand] gul[destroy] ak[do]

lu₂ šag₄ šu gul ak = ša li-ib-ba-šu mu-qa₂-ra ⸢ma⸣-[lu]-u₂ (OB Lu2-Azlag2 B-C Seg.2, 166).

niŋ[thing] gul[destroy]

niŋ₂ gul-la (Nippur Nigga 28).

niŋ₂ gul-lu-da = i-kil-tu₂ (TCL 06, 35 r ii 40).

niŋ[thing] gul[destroy] tag[touch]

^urudniŋ₂ gul ⸢tag⸣-[ga] = [...] (BM 033426 r i' 17').

^urudniŋ₂ gul tag-ga = su-un-gi-in-[nu] (Ura 11 section 3, 116; BM 047673 o 6').

niŋdim[object] gul[destroy]

niŋ₂-dim₂ gul (Nippur Nigga 111; MSL 13, pp. 93, 113 K o ii 7').

^urudniŋ₂-dim₂ gul (OB Nippur Ura 2 523).

[niŋ₂]-⸢dim₂⸣ gul = ḫu-šu-u₂ (YBC 13524 b 91).

^urudniŋ₂-dim₂ gul = ḫu-šu-u (BM 085983 r i 27).

piš[bank] gul[destroy]

piš₁₀ gul (OB Nippur Kagal 515; Nippur Nigga 569).

piš₁₀ gul = na-⸢ḫa-al⸣-lum (SLT 003 o ii 14).

siki[hair] gul[destroy]

[^tug₂siki] ⸢gul⸣-gul = tu-ut-tu₂-bu-u₂ MIN<(na-aḫ-lap-tu₂)> MIN<(qa-tan-tu₂)> (SpTU 3, 116 o i 13).

tug[textile] siki[hair] gul[destroy]

tug₂ siki gul-gul = tu-ut-bu-[u] (Rm 0606+ r i 25).

zu[tooth] gul[destroy]

zu₂ ⸢gul⸣ = [...] (Oriento 23/2, 1-19 r i 13'').

zu₂ [gul-gul] = ḫa-si-ir-tum (MSLSSI, 17-27 iv 13).

zu₂ [gul]-⸢gul⸣ = [(x)]-⸢x⸣-it-tum (MSLSSI, 17-27 iv 12).

zu₂ gul-ŋu₁₀ (OB Nippur Ugumu 108).

[zu₂ gul]-ŋu₁₀ = ši-in-ni ma-aḫ-⸢ri⸣-[tum] (UET 7, 095 o 13').

šag[heart] šu[hand] gul[destroy]

šag₄ šu gul = [...] (MB List of Diseases 162).

šag₄ šu gul = ⸢x^?⸣-[...] (BM 013128 o iii 4').

šu[hand] gul[destroy]

šu gul-la = ⸢x⸣-[...] (CT 19, pl. 29, K 04378+ o ii 3').

Word ID: o0028851; Citation URL: http://oracc.org/epsd2/o0028851; version 2.7.2 (built 2024-08-31)