sahar [SOIL] N (2001x) Early Dynastic IIIa, Early Dynastic IIIb, Ebla, Old Akkadian, Lagash II, Ur III, Old Babylonian, Middle Babylonian, Neo-Assyrian, Neo-Babylonian, Persian, Hellenistic, unknown wr. saḫar; sa-ḫa-ar; ^na₄saḫar; sa-ḫa "soil, earth; dust, dirt"

See kiŋ u sahar[earth work]N, sahar e[excavate dirt]V/t, sahar sig[tamp dirt]V/t, sahar zig[move dirt]V/t, u saharbi[grass and earth work]N.

[1]	𒅖	saḫar
[2]	𒊓𒄩𒅈	sa-ḫa-ar
[3]	𒎎𒅖	^na₄ saḫar
[4]	𒊓𒄩	sa-ḫa
+	--ra=r+a (1x/0%); --ra=r.a (209x/10%); --re=r+e (5x/0%).

	PC	ED IIIa	ED IIIb	Ebla	OAkk	Lag II	Ur III	OB	Post-OB	(unknown)
[1]		11	32		7	8	1534	306	89	2
[2]				1				2	2
[3]								1	3
[4]				1				2

35 distinct forms attested; click to view forms table.

Attested in the following periods:

Early Dynastic IIIa (11x/1%)

Early Dynastic IIIb (32x/2%)

Ebla (2x/0%)

Old Akkadian (7x/0%)

Lagash II (8x/0%)

Ur III (1534x/77%)

Old Babylonian (311x/16%)

Middle Babylonian (11x/1%)

Neo-Assyrian (70x/3%)

Neo-Babylonian (6x/0%)

Persian (1x/0%)

Hellenistic (6x/0%)

unknown (2x/0%)

Senses:

1. soil, earth (1854x/93%)

2. dust, dirt (147x/7%)

Akk. eperu.

Bibliography

[2009] W. Heimpel, Workers 189.

[2005] P. Attinger, ZA 95 213.

[2002] J. Høyrup, Lengths Widths Surfaces 44; 45.

[1994] M. Powell, Drinking in Ancient Societies 96.

[1987-1990] M. Stol, RlA 7 324.

[1964] M. Civil, Studies Oppenheim 78.

sahar

(OB Nippur Ea 250).

= eperu (Ea 04 84; Studio Historiae Ardens, 289-291 a ii 26).

= epru (K 04263+ o ii 12').

Lexical Associations

tarbuʾtu[dust (storm)]N (// bir[locust] sahar[soil])

<(buru₅)> ⸢saḫar⸣ = tur-bu-uʾ-[ti] (CBS 13663 r 6).

eperu[earth]N (// sahar[soil])

saḫar = e-⸢pe₂⸣-[ru] (KBo 26, 047 o 7'; AJSL 33, 170-171 ii 3; Ea 04 84).

saḫar = ep-ru (K 04263+ o ii 12').

tēhirtu[residue]N (// sahar[soil])

saḫar = te-⸢ḫi⸣-[ir-tum] (KBo 26, 047 o 6').

eperu[earth]N x (// sahar[soil] kag[mouth])

saḫar ka-ka-na = e-pe-[er ...] (RA 070, 141 o 1).

samāku[cover up]V ša[of]DET eperu[earth]N (// sahar[soil] niŋin[encircle])

⸢saḫar⸣ niŋin = MIN<(sa-ma-ku)> ša₂ SAḪAR (K 02027 r i 13'; CT 18, pl. 36-37, K 04323+ r i 5').

eperu[earth]N x (// sahar[soil] sig[put] he₂-bi₂-ib-za-za)

saḫar si-ig ḫe₂-bi₂-⸢ib⸣-za-za = e-pe-[er ...] (RA 070, 141 o 3).

erbû[locust]N tarbuʾtu[dust (storm)]N (// bir[locust] sahar[soil])

buru₅ saḫar-ra = BURU₅ tar-bu-uʾ-te (LTBA 1, 45 r ii 9).

buru₅ saḫar-ra = e-rib tur-bu-uʾ-tim (Ura 14 235; LTBA 1, 46 r i 14).

buru₅ saḫar-ra = e-rib tur-bu-⸢ti⸣ (LTBA 1, 40 r i 7).

⸢buru₅(ḪU.ERIN₂) saḫar⸣-ra = e-rib tur-bu-uʾ-ti (CT 14, pl. 01-02, K 00071a r i 27).

tarbuʾtu[dust (storm)]N (// bir[locust] sahar[soil])

<(buru₅)> ⸢saḫar⸣ = tur-bu-uʾ-[ti] (CBS 13663 r 6).

annuharu[(a mineral)]N (// im[clay] sahar[soil] babbar[white] kur[mountain])

im saḫar babbar kur-ra = a-nu-ḫa-ru (Ura 11 section 3, 77; LTBA 1, 33 r ii 7).

qitmu[black paste]N (// im[clay] sahar[soil] giggig[black] kur[mountain])

im saḫar giggi kur-ra = qit-mi (Ura 11 section 3, 78; LTBA 1, 33 r ii 8).

abnu[stone]N gabû[alum]N (// im[clay] sahar[soil] na[stone] kur[mountain])

im saḫar na₄ kur-ra = NA₄ ga-bu-u₂ (Ura 11 section 3, 79; LTBA 1, 33 r ii 9).

lēru[(a gold paste)]N (// im[clay] šim[aromatics] sahar[soil])

im šim ^na₄saḫar = le-e-[ru] [šin]-di ⸢^na₄⸣[SAḪAR] (K 04411+ r i 12; RA 28, 129, K 04547+ r i 13).

ina[in]PRP pānu[front]N x palāšu[perforate]V at-tap-x-x (// indal[chaff] igi[face] sahar[soil] ab-DU)

in-e igi saḫar-ra ab-DU = i-na IGI [...] pul-lu-ša at-tap-⸢x⸣-[...] (Farmer's Instructions 205-206 o ii 11).

eperu[earth]N nīlu[lying down]AJ (// kugsig[gold] sahar[soil] nud[lie])

[kug-sig₁₇] saḫar-ba al-nud = e-pe-ri^? ni-i-lu (Ura 12 Seg.2, 2).

eperu[earth]N x-x (// kugsig[gold] sahar[soil] nud[lie])

[kug-sig₁₇] ⸢saḫar⸣-ba al-nud = e-pe-⸢ri^? x⸣-[...] (LTBA 1, 35 r ii' 2').

kuštību[(a kind of shovel)]N (// mar[shovel] sahar[soil])

^ŋeš⸢mar⸣ saḫar-ra = kul-te-[bu] [...] (RA 17, 133, K 04161+ r i 8'; RA 17, 145, K 04599+ i' 21').

marru[shovel]N eperu[earth]N (// mar[shovel] sahar[soil])

mar saḫar-ra = mar e-bi-[ri] (Emar 6/2, p. 508-515 and Emar 6/2, p. 730, Msk 74209a r i 48').

^ŋeš⸢mar⸣ saḫar-ra = mar e-[pe-ri] [...] (RA 17, 133, K 04161+ r i 7'; RA 17, 145, K 04599+ i' 20').

lamṣu[(a big fly)]N (// nim[fly] sahar[soil])

⸢nim⸣ saḫar = nam-ṣa-tu (LTBA 1, 45 r iii 11).

nim saḫar-ra = lam-ṣa-at (LTBA 1, 40 r ii 7).

nim saḫar-ra = lam-ṣa-tu₂ (Ura 14 310; LTBA 1, 44 r ii 3').

nim saḫar-ra = lam-ṣa-tum lam-ṣu (RA 14, 79, K 00152+ r ii 16'; CT 14, pl. 08, K 04330 r i' 13).

[nim^?] ⸢saḫar^?⸣-ra = nam-ṣa-tum (CT 12, pl. 40-41, K 00039 o i 44).

baqqu[(small) fly]N (// nim[fly] tur[small] sahar[soil])

⸢nim⸣ tur MIN<(saḫar)> = ba-a-qu (LTBA 1, 45 r iii 12).

nim tur saḫar-ra = baq-qu (Ura 14 311; LTBA 1, 40 r ii 8; LTBA 1, 44 r ii 4').

laʾšu[(a copper ore)]N (// urud[copper] sahar[soil] ki[place])

urud saḫar ki = MIN<(la-aʾ-šu)> (Ura 11 section 3, 105; K 08676 o ii 7'; Rm 2, 583 r ii 24').

urud saḫar ki = MIN<(la-a-šu₂)> (LTBA 1, 33 r ii 34).

saharlakku[copper ore?]N (// urud[copper] sahar[soil] la₂)

⸢urud⸣ saḫar la₂ = ŠU<(saḫarlakku^?)>^ku (Rm 2, 583 r ii 22').

werû[copper]N hurru[hole]N (// urud[copper] sahar[soil] luh[clean])

urud saḫar luḫ-ḫa = ⸢URUDA⸣ ḪABRUD₄ (BM 085983 o iv 16).

ṣītu[exit]N hurru[hole]N (// urud[copper] sahar[soil] luh[clean])

urud saḫar ḫu-luḫ-ḫa = ṣi-⸢it^? ḫur^?⸣-[ri] [...] (RA 14, 79, K 00152+ r ii 4; Ura 11 section 3, 102; CT 14, pl. 08, K 04330 o i 23'; Rm 2, 583 r ii 21').

urud saḫar MIN<(ḫu-luḫ-ḫa)> = ṣi-it ⸢ḫur⸣-ru (LTBA 1, 33 r ii 31).

ṣītu[exit]N x (// urud[copper] sahar[soil] luh[clean])

⸢urud saḫar⸣ [ḫu]-luḫ-ḫa = ṣi-[it ...] (K 08676 o ii 4').

laʾšu[(a copper ore)]N (// urud[copper] sahar[soil] šu[hand])

urud saḫar šu = la-a-šu₂ (LTBA 1, 33 r ii 33).

laʾšu[(a copper ore)]N (// urud[copper] sahar[soil] šuš[cover])

urud saḫar šuš₂ = la-aʾ-šu (Ura 11 section 3, 104; K 08676 o ii 6'; Rm 2, 583 r ii 23').

lēru[(a gold paste)]N (// šim[aromatics] sahar[soil])

šim saḫar = le-e-ru (Ura 11 section 3, 76; LTBA 1, 33 r ii 6).

šim ^na₄saḫar = li-i-ru [...] (CT 14, pl. 08, K 04330 o i 10').

References for all phrases

bir[locust] sahar[soil]

<(buru₅)> ⸢saḫar⸣ = tur-bu-uʾ-[ti] (CBS 13663 r 6).

sahar[soil]

saḫar (OB Nippur Ea 250; CUSAS 12, 3.2.01 r iv 29; OB Nippur Izi Tab.I, 320a; PBS 05, 126 o 4'; MSL 14, 29 Lb b i 20'; PBS 05, 114 r i' 12'; MSL 14, 028 Kr o 2'; Anonymous 447997 r i 21; PBS 12, 04 r iii 6; MSL 14, 018 Bb o vi 42).

saḫar = e-pe₂-ru^!(ŠU) (Studio Historiae Ardens, 289-291 a ii 26).

saḫar = [...] (CT 12, pl. 27, BM 093042 r 13).

saḫar = e-⸢pe₂⸣-[ru] (KBo 26, 047 o 7'; AJSL 33, 170-171 ii 3; Ea 04 84).

saḫar = ep-ru (K 04263+ o ii 12').

saḫar = te-⸢ḫi⸣-[ir-tum] (KBo 26, 047 o 6').

sahar[soil] DU-DU

saḫar DU-DU (CUSAS 12, 3.2.01 r iv 34).

sahar[soil] bal[dig]

saḫar ba-al (OB Nippur Izi Tab.I, 328).

sahar[soil] bur[tear]

saḫar bur₁₂-ra (OB Nippur Izi Tab.I, 329).

sahar[soil] burud[perforate]

saḫar burudₓ(U) (OB Nippur Izi Tab.I, 320c).

sahar[soil] du[spread]

saḫar du₈ (BM 030019+ o? iii 2'; OB Nippur Izi Tab.I, 323a).

sahar[soil] gana[field] AŠ

saḫar gana₂-gana₂ AŠ (OB Nippur Izi Tab.I, 331a).

sahar[soil] hi[mix]

saḫar ḫi-a (CUSAS 12, 3.2.01 r iv 30).

sahar[soil] kag[mouth]

saḫar ka-ka-na = e-pe-[er ...] (RA 070, 141 o 1).

sahar[soil] katab[lid]

saḫar ka-tab (OB Nippur Izi Tab.I, 322; PBS 12, 04 r iii 14).

sahar[soil] niŋin[encircle]

saḫar niŋin (OB Nippur Izi Tab.I, 324; PBS 12, 04 r iii 16).

⸢saḫar⸣ niŋin = MIN<(sa-ma-ku)> ša₂ SAḪAR (K 02027 r i 13'; CT 18, pl. 36-37, K 04323+ r i 5').

sahar[soil] niŋki[herd]

saḫar niŋ₂-ki (OB Nippur Izi Tab.I, 325; PBS 12, 04 r iii 17).

sahar[soil] peš[thick]

saḫar peš-peš (OB Nippur Izi Tab.I, 323).

saḫar peš-peš-a (BM 030019+ o? iii 3').

saḫar peš₁₁ (CUSAS 12, 3.2.01 r iv 33).

sahar[soil] pusaŋ[pit]

saḫar pu₂-saŋ (BM 030019+ o? iii 5'; CUSAS 12, 3.2.01 r iv 36).

sahar[soil] sag[good]

saḫar sag₁₀ (CUSAS 12, 3.2.01 r iv 31).

sahar[soil] sig[put] he₂-bi₂-ib-za-za

saḫar si-ig ḫe₂-bi₂-⸢ib⸣-za-za = e-pe-[er ...] (RA 070, 141 o 3).

sahar[soil] tah[add]

saḫar taḫ-e (OB Nippur Izi Tab.I, 332).

sahar[soil] uš[foundation]

saḫar uš (OB Nippur Izi Tab.I, 321; PBS 12, 04 r iii 13; CUNES 51-07-109 o 3, r 3).

sahar[soil] ŋar[place]

saḫar ŋar (OB Nippur Izi Tab.I, 316).

saḫar ŋar-ra (OB Nippur Izi Tab.I, 326a).

saḫar ŋa₂-ŋa₂ (OB Nippur Izi Tab.I, 331).

sahar[soil] šuš[cover]

saḫar šuš₂ (OB Nippur Izi Tab.I, 320, Tab.I, 320b; PBS 12, 04 r iii 12; CUNES 51-07-109 o 2, r 2).

bir[locust] sahar[soil]

⸢bir₅⸣ saḫar (TSS 0046 o vii 16).

bir₅ saḫar-[ra] (HS 1799 c iii 10; OB Nippur Ura 3 358).

buru₅ saḫar-ra = BURU₅ tar-bu-uʾ-te (LTBA 1, 45 r ii 9).

buru₅ saḫar-ra = e-rib tur-bu-uʾ-tim (Ura 14 235; LTBA 1, 46 r i 14).

buru₅ saḫar-ra = e-rib tur-bu-⸢ti⸣ (LTBA 1, 40 r i 7).

⸢buru₅(ḪU.ERIN₂) saḫar⸣-ra = e-rib tur-bu-uʾ-ti (CT 14, pl. 01-02, K 00071a r i 27).

<(buru₅)> ⸢saḫar⸣ = tur-bu-uʾ-[ti] (CBS 13663 r 6).

e[house] sahar[soil]

e₂ saḫar (OB Nippur Kagal 173).

gigur[container] sahar[soil]

gi-gur saḫar-ra (OB Nippur Ura 2 31).

im[clay] sahar[soil] babbar[white] kur[mountain]

im saḫar babbar kur-ra (OB Nippur Ura 2 490b; ASJ 09, 289-291 o iv 7'; AlT 445 o ii 2').

im saḫar babbar kur-ra = a-nu-ḫa-ru (Ura 11 section 3, 77; LTBA 1, 33 r ii 7).

im[clay] sahar[soil] giggig[black] kur[mountain]

im saḫar giggi kur-ra (OB Nippur Ura 2 490a; ASJ 09, 289-291 o iv 8'; AlT 445 o ii 1').

im saḫar giggi kur-ra = qit-mi (Ura 11 section 3, 78; LTBA 1, 33 r ii 8).

im[clay] sahar[soil] na[stone] kur[mountain]

im saḫar na₄ kur-ra = NA₄ ga-bu-u₂ (Ura 11 section 3, 79; LTBA 1, 33 r ii 9).

im[clay] šim[aromatics] sahar[soil]

im šim ^na₄saḫar = le-e-[ru] [šin]-di ⸢^na₄⸣[SAḪAR] (K 04411+ r i 12; RA 28, 129, K 04547+ r i 13).

indal[chaff] igi[face] sahar[soil] ab-DU

in-e igi saḫar-ra ab-DU = i-na IGI [...] pul-lu-ša at-tap-⸢x⸣-[...] (Farmer's Instructions 205-206 o ii 11).

kag[mouth] sahar[soil]

ka saḫar (UET 7, 084 o ii 6').

kugsig[gold] sahar[soil]

kug-sig₁₇ saḫar-ba (OB Nippur Ura 2 620; CUNES 48-11-089 o 1).

kugsig[gold] sahar[soil] bar-ba nud-a

kug-sig₁₇ saḫar bar-ba nud-a (Emar 6/2, p. 571-574, Msk 74247 r iv 34).

kugsig[gold] sahar[soil] kur[mountain]

kug-sig₁₇ saḫar-ba kur-ra (OB Nippur Ura 2 621; CUNES 48-11-089 o 2).

kugsig[gold] sahar[soil] nud[lie]

kug-⸢sig₁₇ saḫar⸣-ba^! ⸢nud⸣-a (Emar 6/2, p. 571-574, Msk 74247 r iv 33).

[kug-sig₁₇] saḫar-ba al-nud = e-pe-ri^? ni-i-lu (Ura 12 Seg.2, 2).

[kug-sig₁₇] ⸢saḫar⸣-ba al-nud = e-pe-⸢ri^? x⸣-[...] (LTBA 1, 35 r ii' 2').

mar[shovel] sahar[soil]

^ŋeš⸢mar⸣ saḫar-ra = kul-te-[bu] [...] (RA 17, 133, K 04161+ r i 8'; RA 17, 145, K 04599+ i' 21').

mar saḫar-ra = mar e-bi-[ri] (Emar 6/2, p. 508-515 and Emar 6/2, p. 730, Msk 74209a r i 48').

^ŋeš⸢mar⸣ saḫar-ra = mar e-[pe-ri] [...] (RA 17, 133, K 04161+ r i 7'; RA 17, 145, K 04599+ i' 20').

mermer[storm] zi[life] gu[eat] ibi[face] sahar[soil] dul[cover]

me-er-me-ri zi gu-u₂ i-bi₂-bi saḫar-ra bi₂-in-dul (SpTU 2, 054 o 9).

muš[snake] sahar[soil]

⸢muš⸣ saḫar (HS 1799 c i 16; SLT 051 r i 5; MSL 11, A 07895 x 6; OB Nippur Ura 3 269).

nim[fly] sahar[soil]

nim saḫar-[ra] (HS 1772 r i' 4'; OB Nippur Ura 3 345).

⸢nim⸣ saḫar = nam-ṣa-tu (LTBA 1, 45 r iii 11).

nim saḫar-ra = lam-ṣa-at (LTBA 1, 40 r ii 7).

nim saḫar-ra = lam-ṣa-tu₂ (Ura 14 310; LTBA 1, 44 r ii 3').

nim saḫar-ra = lam-ṣa-tum lam-ṣu (RA 14, 79, K 00152+ r ii 16'; CT 14, pl. 08, K 04330 r i' 13).

[nim^?] ⸢saḫar^?⸣-ra = nam-ṣa-tum (CT 12, pl. 40-41, K 00039 o i 44).

nim[fly] tur[small] sahar[soil]

⸢nim⸣ tur MIN<(saḫar)> = ba-a-qu (LTBA 1, 45 r iii 12).

nim tur saḫar-ra = baq-qu (Ura 14 311; LTBA 1, 40 r ii 8; LTBA 1, 44 r ii 4').

urud[copper] sahar[soil] ki[place]

urud saḫar ki = MIN<(la-aʾ-šu)> (Ura 11 section 3, 105; K 08676 o ii 7'; Rm 2, 583 r ii 24').

urud saḫar ki = MIN<(la-a-šu₂)> (LTBA 1, 33 r ii 34).

urud[copper] sahar[soil] la₂

⸢urud⸣ saḫar la₂ = ŠU<(saḫarlakku^?)>^ku (Rm 2, 583 r ii 22').

urud[copper] sahar[soil] luh[clean]

urud saḫar luḫ-ḫa = ⸢URUDA⸣ ḪABRUD₄ (BM 085983 o iv 16).

urud saḫar ḫu-luḫ-ḫa = ṣi-⸢it^? ḫur^?⸣-[ri] [...] (RA 14, 79, K 00152+ r ii 4; Ura 11 section 3, 102; CT 14, pl. 08, K 04330 o i 23'; Rm 2, 583 r ii 21').

urud saḫar MIN<(ḫu-luḫ-ḫa)> = ṣi-it ⸢ḫur⸣-ru (LTBA 1, 33 r ii 31).

⸢urud saḫar⸣ [ḫu]-luḫ-ḫa = ṣi-[it ...] (K 08676 o ii 4').

urud[copper] sahar[soil] šu[hand]

urud saḫar šu = la-a-šu₂ (LTBA 1, 33 r ii 33).

urud[copper] sahar[soil] šuš[cover]

urud saḫar šuš₂ = la-aʾ-šu (Ura 11 section 3, 104; K 08676 o ii 6'; Rm 2, 583 r ii 23').

šim[aromatics] sahar[soil]

[šim ^na₄]saḫar (OB Nippur Ura 2 487).

šim saḫar = le-e-ru (Ura 11 section 3, 76; LTBA 1, 33 r ii 6).

šim ^na₄saḫar = li-i-ru [...] (CT 14, pl. 08, K 04330 o i 10').

Word ID: o0037539; Citation URL: http://oracc.org/epsd2/o0037539; version 2.7.2 (built 2024-08-31)