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Epic of Zimri-Lim

Concordances

  • Q009326
  • Accession no.: A. 3152+M.5665+
  • Primary publication(s): Guichard 2014

Details

  • Period: Old Babylonian
  • Date of composition: ca. 1780-1758 BC
  • Provenience: Mari
  • Genre: Literary
  • Subgenre: Royal Epic
  • Object type: tablet
  • Material: clay
  • Ancient author: Ašmad (?)

Bibliography

  • Guichard 2014, Miglio 2017

Views

Epic of Zimri-Lim (Guichard 2014)

Obverse
Column i
o i 1o i 1

[zi-im-ri]-lim ri-im tu--um-tim lu-na-i-id

(o i 1) Zimrī-Lîm, the wild bull of battle, I want to praise

o i 22

[-ra-da]-am a-na di-ri šu-ma--šu lu--ta--ni

(o i 2) the hero, for ever I want to repeat his name,

o i 33

[zi-im-ri-li]-im a-pil mia-aḫ-du-li-im a-ša-re-ed ḫa-na

(o i 3) Zimrī-Lîm, the heir of Yaḫdun-Lîm, the foremost of Ḫanû,

o i 44

[mu-ʾa₄-ab-bi-it du]-ur na-ak-<<⸢ri⸣>>-ri-im

(o i 4) [the one who destroys] the wall of the enemy.

o i 55

[x x x x x] x me-er lu-ul-li še₂₀-me-e

(o i 5) [...] Mêr1 I want to exalt. Hear,

o i 66

[uṣ-ṣí-ra a]-wa-ti mu-ur-ta-di?-id? za-e-ra-am

(o i 6) [listen attentively (to)] my words (about) the one who chases the foes,

o i 77

[mu-ka-an-ni-] na-ak-ri-šu

(o i 7) [(about) the one who subdues] his enemies,

o i 88

[eṭ-lum ]-ti-íu gišŠUKUR mu-ut-x-x-ki/di?

(o i 8) [the hero] who opens a spear (...),

o i 99

[a-ḫi-iz ma-tim] e-li ma-a-tim

(o i 9) [the one who takes a land] after a land,

o i 1010

[zi-im-ri]-li-im -ti-íu gišŠUKUR mu-ut-x-x-ki/di?

(o i 10) Zimrī-Lîm, who opens a spear (...),

o i 1111

[a-ḫi]-iz? ma-tim e-li ma-a-tim

(o i 11) who takes a land after a land.

o i 1212

[i]-ŠÀ? šu--ri ib-bu-ú DINGIRmeš šum-šu

(o i 12) In the precious heart, the gods have chosen his name,

o i 1313

zi-ik-ru da-nim li-te₉-li-il ri-im ma-ti-šu

(o i 13) may the command of Anu be pure, the wild bull of his land,

o i 1414

zi-im-ri-li-im ib-bu-ú DINGIRmeš šum-šu

(o i 14) Zimrī-Lîm, the gods have chosen his name,

o i 1515

zi-ik-ru da-nim li-te₉-li-il ri-im ma-ti-šu

(o i 15) may the command of Anu be pure, the wild bull of his land.

o i 1616

LUGAL ša--e-em lu?-ša-ar-bi-ma

(o i 16) Oh I2 want to praise the famous king!

o i 1717

na-ak-ri dEN.LÍL -ta-ka-an za-ri-šu

(o i 17) He has made the enemies of Enlil his enemies.

o i 1818

ib-bi-ri-it ḫa-bu-ur ù pu-ra-an-tim

(o i 18) Between Ḫābur and Euphrates,

o i 1919

i-na -ri dIŠKUR i-di-nu di-na--šu

(o i 19) in the place (where) Storm-god has judged his judgement,

o i 2020

id-di ri-ig-ma--šu -in-na-šu ú-pa-ar-ri-ir

(o i 20) (where) he has raised his roar, (where) he has scattered his clan,

o i 2121

a-na ki-ib-ra-at er-be-e-im ṭe₄-em-šu is-pu-uḫ

(o i 21) to the four quarters (of the world) he has dispersed his will.

o i 2222

im-šu-ù ma-a-tum bu-ši qa-ti-šu

(o i 22) The land looted properties of his (enemy?) hand,

o i 2323

i-na a-lim bi-sa-anki -SI₂₂ eb-ba-am

(o i 23) pure gold in the town of Bisan.

o i 2424

ib-tu-uq na-ak-ra-am ki-i ki-ṣí-ir a-bi-ḫi-im

(o i 24) He has torn the enemy like a knot of a rope,

o i 2525

-ti er-ṣe-tum da-mi qar-ra-di

(o i 25) the earth has drunk the blood of warriors.

o i 2626

i-il-la-ak an-nu-ni-tum₈(DIM) i-na i-mi-ti-šu

(o i 26) Annunītum has walked by his right side,

o i 2727

dIŠKUR ša-pu-ú ri-gi-im-šu id-di

(o i 27) the Storm-God has laid down the loudness of his cry,

o i 2828

id-di ri-ig-ma--šu -te₉-bi-ir gišŠUKUR na-ak-ri

(o i 28) he has laid down his cry, he has broken the spear of the enemy,

o i 2929

it-bu-uk i-ma-as- am-ma-ta-[tim]

(o i 29) he has poured his poison onto the land,

o i 3030

zi-im-ri-li-im še₂₂-bi-ru gišŠUKUR na-ak-ri-im

(o i 30) Zimrī-Lîm, who has broken the spear of the enemy,

o i 3131

it-bu-uk i-ma-as- e-li na-ak-ri-šu

(o i 31) has poured his poison on his enemies.

o i 3232

pu-tam ta-an--iḫ-tam is-ri-[im?] i-ša-at qa-ab-lim

(o i 32) (At) the front of the (battle) outburst (?), the fire of battle has broke out

o i 3333

ma-an-nu-um él-ka [ša] ú-ba-al-lu-ši-ma

(o i 33) Who is above you that he puts it (the fire) down?

o i 3434

at-ta te-ep-ti [x x] pu-šu-uq ša-du-i

(o i 34) You have opened a narrow pass of the mountains,

o i 3535

ša -ik-ku-[ru ed]-lu-ú gišIG ZU NA₄

(o i 35) of which(?) a bolt has shut the door (of) stone panels.

o i 3636

zi-im-ri-[li-im ]-ti-íu gišIGḫá dan-nim

(o i 36) Zimrī-Lîm, who has opened the doors of the fortress(?)

o i 3737

ša -[ik-ku-ru ed-lu]-ú gišIG ZI.NA NA₄

(o i 37) of which(?) a bolt has shut the door with stone bars(?).

o i 3838

[x x x x x ma]-tim? ka-li-ši

(o i 38) [...] land in its entirety.

o i 3939

[x x x x x x]-x-am tu-ra-am-mi du-un-na--ši

(o i 39) [...] you have released her power.

o i 4040

[x x x ka-la ni]-ši e--tim

(o i 40) [... the whole] humanity (was) numerous.

o i 4141

[x x x x x da]-ra-am tu-ša--ki-in šum-ka

(o i 41) [...] for eternity you have established your name.

o i 4242

[...] x e-te-él-le-et

(o i 42) [...] pre-eminent lady

o i 4343

[...] x ta?--ku-un

(o i 43) [...] you have placed

o i 4444

[...] x-ka

(o i 44) [...] yours(?)

(rest of column missing)

rest of obverse column 1 missing

Column ii
o ii 1o ii 1

zi-im-ri-li-[im ...]

(o ii 1) Zimrī-Lîm [...]

o ii 22

ki-ma -er-di-im x [...]

(o ii 2) like an equid [...]

o ii 33

ip-pa-an ki-iṣ-ra-[tim ...]

(o ii 3) in front of the contingent [...]

o ii 44

ra-ki-ib ši-ḫa-mi [...]

(o ii 4) rider on the steed [...]

o ii 55

a-na pa-ni-šu pa-ri-kum ú-[ul i-ba--ši]

(o ii 5) Before him, [there is] nothing opposing him.

o ii 66

li-ta-am-ḫa-aḫ na-ak-rum ki-[i ṭi-di-im i-na me-e]

(o ii 6) May the enemy be soaked like [a clay in the water (?)]

o ii 77

wa-ar-ku-um ṭà-ri-du-um ú-ul ip?-[pa-ar-ši-id]

(o ii 7) In the back, no deserter escaped,

o ii 88

-tu-ú-um 2 [gišIGḫá ša-du-i]

(o ii 8) in the opening of two [...]3

o ii 99

la-li-íu-um i-du-uk za-ri-[šu ...]

(o ii 9) The kid4 killed his haters,

o ii 1010

a-ša-am-ša-tum is-ḫu-ra-šu-nu-ši-im

(o ii 10) the dust storm has turned against them.

o ii 1111

ú-ul i-du-ur a-li-kam [a]-na im-ni-šu [ù šu-me-li-šu]

(o ii 11) He did not fear (thanks to?) the one walking on his right side [and his left side.]

o ii 1212

bu-ku-ur dEN.LÍL dla-ga-ma-al e-te-él-lu

(o ii 12) The son of Enlil, Lāgamal, the lord,

o ii 1313

ù ti-il-la-as-su-ma? ip-ri-ku ša?-ni!? qar?-ra?-di?

(o ii 13) and his reinforcements have prevented the fleeing of warriors.

o ii 1414

ki-ma ap-pa-ri-im i-ṣí-da-am ṣa-ba-šu

(o ii 14) He harvested his (enemy?) troops like a reed,

o ii 1515

ki-ma bi-nim šu-um--tu qar-ra-du

(o ii 15) the warriors were caused to be fallen like a tamarisk.

o ii 1616

-ti er-ṣe-tum da-mi-šu

(o ii 16) The earth has drunk his5 blood.

o ii 1717

a-ki!?-i? dIŠKUR? šu-pu a-na ḫu-ur-ri-im

(o ii 17) As the Storm-God was made resplendent forever

o ii 1818

zi-im-ri-li-im ni-im-ru a-na-na-tim

(o ii 18) Zimrī-Lîm, the leopard of battles,

o ii 1919

da-an-nu-um ka-mi lem?-ni? [mu]-ḫa-al-li-iq na-ak-ri

(o ii 19) the strong one, who binds the evil, the one who destroys the enemy,

o ii 2020

-šu i-pu-ša-am i-qa-ab-bi

(o ii 20) opened his mouth, saying,

o ii 2121

is--aq-qa-ra-am a-na eṭ-li-šu

(o ii 21) speaking to his men:

o ii 2222

ša-as-su-ru-um ib-ni-ku-nu-ti

(o ii 22) "A womb has created you,

o ii 2323

um-mu-um ki-ma ku-nu-ti-ma ul-da-an-ni

(o ii 23) a mother, just like you, has given a birth to me!

o ii 2424

ša-ti ta-ḫa-zu e-li-ia pa-ni ?-ni

(o ii 24) The same battle is upon me! My face has changed!(?)

o ii 2525

ki-ib-ra-at er--e-im ku-nu-ti? na-ak-ra

(o ii 25) The four quarters (of the world) are hostile to you

o ii 2626

ù ma-a-tum [x] ga? x ta? ri/ur? šu-še-ra-nim

(o ii 26) and the land (...) Get prepared for me!6

o ii 2727

na-ak-ru-um pa?-[ḫi]-ir? x MI? x tim? x na?-tum?

(o ii 27) The enemy is assembled (...)

o ii 2828

a-na ta-ḫa-zi-im [e--ši-im a-na-ku lu--te-še]-er

(o ii 28) To the battle, [the action(?), I] want to get ready!"

o ii 2929

[ri-im šar]-ri? ku-nu-um ki ša [ḫa-da-an-šu i-ka-ša-du]

(o ii 29) [The wild bull] of kings, the firm one, just as he [achieved his goal] (?)

o ii 3030

zi-im-ri-li-im ku-nu-um ki ša ḫa-da-an-[šu i-ka-ša-du]

(o ii 30) Zimrī-Lîm, the firm one, just as he [achieved] his goal (?)

o ii 3131

ú-ta-e-er šu-uk-ka-al-la-šu

(o ii 31) he ordered his sukkallu,

o ii 3232

.mešsu-ga!-gi -pu-uṭ

(o ii 32) (his) sugāgū he commanded:

o ii 3333

qar-ra-di-ia! (E) ḫa-na li-qa-ar-ri-bu-nim

(o ii 33) "My warriors, the Ḫananeans, may they come close to me,

o ii 3434

DUMUmeš na--di li-ru-bu ma-aḫ-ri IGI-ia

(o ii 34) my herdsmen, may they report for duty before me,

o ii 3535

i-na -iḫ-ri-im wa-ši-bu-ut a-aḫ pu-ra-an-tim

(o ii 35) in conscript,7 the inhabitants of the Banks of Euphrates.

o ii 3636

i-na mi-il-ki-ku-nu a-na-ku lu-pu-úš

(o ii 36) Let me act according to your counsel!"

o ii 3737

-me-ma an--e-em qa-ba-šu

(o ii 37) Having heard this speech of his,

o ii 3838

-ma-ad me-er-ʾu₅-um-ma is--aq-qa-ar-šum

(o ii 38) Ašmad, the merʾû, speaks to him:

o ii 3939

mi-na-am šu-ba-ra-am ta-na-áʾ-ʾì-id

(o ii 39) "Why do you worry (about) the Šubarean?

o ii 4040

la ús-[]-ḫi-ru i-ša-at qa-ab-li-ka

(o ii 40) The fire of your battle cannot be repelled.

o ii 4141

ḫu-ur-[ba]-šu ṣí-il-lu GIŠḫá --tim

(o ii 41) (There is) a chilling fear (in) the shadows of the forest trees

o ii 4242

gu-šu-ru-[šu]-nu az-zi-im-ma la ḫe-ru li-ša-an pa-ši-im

(o ii 42) their tree-trunks, to the appearance (there is) no digging of an axe blade.

o ii 4343

-ap-ḫa-[at] šu-ba-ar-tum ki-i UDUḫá ri-tim

(o ii 43) Subartu is scattered like a sheep on the pasture.

o ii 4444

[]-ra-[num] a-na re-di-i-im ṣí-di-tum ša-ak-na-at

(o ii 44) There, for a soldier a travel provision is placed,

o ii 4545

[zi-im-ri]-li-im li-mu-ru -ru-ud-ka

(o ii 45) Zimrī-Lîm, may they see your heroism,

o ii 4646

[te-ni--tum a-na di]-ri? li-na-i-id šum-ka

(o ii 46) may [the people for] ever praise your name."

o ii 4747

[LUGAL iḫ-du a-na a]-wa?-at? me-er-ʾì-im wa-ar-di-šu

(o ii 47) [The king rejoiced over] the word of the merʾû, his servant.

o ii 4848

[x x x x x x x ki-ma] e-ṣí-du-ut ú-ga-ri-im

(o ii 48) [... like] a harvestor of a field(?)

o ii 4949

[x x x x x x x x x x] ik-tu-um

(o ii 49) [...] covered

o ii 5050

[x x x x x x x x x x x]-x-um

(o ii 50) [...]

o ii 5151

[x x x x x x x x x x x] am

(o ii 51) [...]

o ii 5252

[...]

(o ii 52) [...]

o ii 5353

[...]

(o ii 53) [...]

Reverse
Column iii
r iii 1r iii 1

ti-il-la-ti-šu-nu ú-ma-al-[lu] ṣe-ra-am

(r iii 1) (With) their reinforcements he filled up the steppe.

r iii 22

la-bi- ap-lu-uḫ-tam ik-ki-ib-šu e--nu

(r iii 2) Clothed with armour, to ask for mercy (was) a taboo of his,

r iii 33

mi-im-ma ša ip-ri-ku a-na pa-ni-šu ma-aq-tu

(r iii 3) Everyone who faced him is felled,

r iii 44

šu-ul-pu-tu su-up-pu-ḫu up-pu-ú ANŠEḫá

(r iii 4) the donkeys seem ruined and scattered,

r iii 55

a-ḫu--e i-ta-ad-du-ú qar-ra-du

(r iii 5) the warriors are (left) fallen, each by himself,

r iii 66

ba-al-la-at -er--tum i-na da-mi-šu-nu

(r iii 6) the environ is covered in their blood.

r iii 77

a-di ša ik-šu-du ḫa-da-an-šu LUGAL

(r iii 7) Until the king has achieved his goal,

r iii 88

ù i-da-ma-ra-aṣ ú-ka-an-ni- -še--šu

(r iii 8) and Ida-Maraṣ was subjected under his feet,

r iii 99

me-e na-da-tim -ta-na-at-ti

(r iii 9) he (only) drank water of water-skins,

r iii 1010

e-si-ik it-ti re-di-i ka-lum-ma -šu-

(r iii 10) counted with the soldiers, everything was torture.

r iii 1111

ra-ab-bu ba!-ia-ru wa-ṣú-šu

(r iii 11) Great (were) the huntsmen who went with him,

r iii 1212

ki-ma -ir-ra-mi-im -e ṣe-ru-um

(r iii 12) like an onager (eating) straw in the steppe,

r iii 1313

ši-ra-am i-ku-lu mu-tu-šu

(r iii 13) his men ate meat,

r iii 1414

li-ib-ba-am ir-šu-ú da-na-na-am uṣ-bu

(r iii 14) they gained courage; they gained strength.

r iii 1515

zi-im-ri-li-im ki-ma šu-ri-nim ip-pa-na i-la-ak

(r iii 15) Zimrī-Lîm goes at the front like a (divine) emblem,

r iii 1616

is-ḫu-ur a-na la le-i-im i-na-ad-di-in li-ib-ba-am

(r iii 16) having turned to the one who was without power, he encourages him:

r iii 1717

di-in-na-ma i-te-ru-ba

(r iii 17) "Be strong and enter(?),

r iii 1818

-di-ku-nu i-im-ma-ar na-ak-rum

(r iii 18) the enemy sees your valour!"

r iii 1919

ṣa-ab-tu ši-ru-šu-nu i-ša-tam

(r iii 19) Their bodies are taken up with fire,

r iii 2020

ka-ar-šu-šu-nu ši-wi-tam la-am-du

(r iii 20) their stomachs know burning!8

r iii 2121

la-ab-šu pa-at-ri na-am-ṣa-ri šu-ku-ur-ri

(r iii 21) They are equipped with daggers, swords and spears,

r iii 2222

[i-du]-úš?-šu-nu i-šu-ur-ru ul-mu

(r iii 22) at their sides (...)9 axes.

r iii 2323

[a-na šu-te]-él-li e-zi-ba-at ṣe-ri-im

(r iii 23) [For] removing (?) (what is) left of the steppe.

r iii 2424

i?-[la-ak pa-na te]-li-tum eš₄-tár

(r iii 24) Walking [at the front] (was) the most able Ištar.

r iii 2525

i-nu-ma x [...] x ú x x NA/DU-AZ/UK-ŠUM

(r iii 25) When (...)

r iii 2626

-ku-un ša-ak-ni-šu [i-na a-aḫ] na-ri-im

(r iii 26) He appointed his governors [on the banks] of the river.

r iii 2727

la na-bi-íu-tim it-ti DINGIR[meš i-ri- a-na] re-di-im

(r iii 27) Those of gods who were not called, [he requested them to] accompany (him).

r iii 2828

ar-ḫi- LUGAL i-pu-lu an-[na-am]

(r iii 28) Quickly, they answered the king: "Yes!"

r iii 2929

it-ta-an-pa-aḫ tu-uq-ma-tim -re-eb? [ma-a]-tim?

(r iii 29) The heartland was kindled with a battle.

r iii 3030

we-de-nu-úš-šu eṭ-lum ú-ul i-la-ak ge-er-ra-[am]

(r iii 30) The hero does not go on a campaign by himself,

r iii 3131

LUGAL zi-ik-ru-úš dda-gan e-te₉-él-ma

(r iii 31) the king, by the command of Dagān, the lord,

r iii 3232

iṣ-ṣa-am-ma-ar e-li mu-ti ki-im-ti-šu

(r iii 32) he (...)10 on/over the men, his family,

r iii 3333

zi-im-ri-li-im zi-ik-ru-úš dda-gan e-te₉-él-ma

(r iii 33) Zimrī-Lîm, by the command of Dagān, the lord,

r iii 3434

tu-uk-la-as-su di-túr-me-er ur-ša-nu

(r iii 34) his support (is) Itūr-Mêr, the warrior.

r iii 3535

i-mu-ur-ma it-ta-šu a--la-am e-te₉-él ma-ti-šu?

(r iii 35) Oh, he saw his sign, (revealed by?) the āpilu, the hero of his land,

r iii 3636

LUGAL li-ib-ba-šu da-na-na-am uṣ-ba-am

(r iii 36) the king gained his courage (and) strength,

r iii 3737

i-la-ak ad-du-um i-na šu-me-li-šu

(r iii 37) Addu goes on his left,

r iii 3838

èr-ra da--nu-um-ma i-na im-ni-šu

(r iii 38) Erra, the savage, on his right.

r iii 3939

-ta-aṣ-bi-it ki-iṣ-ri-šu i-na a-aḫ ḫa-bu-ur

(r iii 39) He placed his contingents on the banks of the Ḫābur river,

r iii 4040

mu-ša-am-ma a-na pa-ni-šu-nu e-bi-ir

(r iii 40) At night, he stepped in front of them,

r iii 4141

ìs-si DUMUmeš MÁŠ.ŠU.SU₁₃ ú-za-ak-ki

(r iii 41) he summoned the diviners, he purified:

r iii 4242

dUTU -ra-du-um i-ta-ap-la-an-ni

(r iii 42) "Šamaš, the hero, answered me,

r iii 4343

u₄-ma-am an--e-em a-ka-am-mi na-ak-ri

(r iii 43) this very day, I will capture the enemy,

r iii 4444

eṭ-lu-ia ti-iṣ-ma-ra da-[na-na]-am?

(r iii 44) my heroes, be intent (and with) strength11

r iii 4545

ḫu-us- na-ak-ri-ku-nu ki-[i x x x] x

(r iii 45) beat up your enemy like [a ...]"

r iii 4646

qar-ra-du-šu -mu-ú zi-ki-[ir ša-ap-ti-šu]

(r iii 46) His warriors heard the speech [of his lips. (?)]

r iii 4747

ki-i 1 ḫu-ḫa-ri-im ìs-ḫu-pu [na-ak-ri-šu-nu]

(r iii 47) Like one (large) bird-trap they entrapped [their enemy,]

r iii 4848

ša ip-pa-ar-ši-du [...]

(r iii 48) who escaped [...],

r iii 4949

ša i-ti- ṣe-di-ir [...]

(r iii 49) who passed by was crooked [...].

r iii 5050

zi-im-ri-li-im na-[...]

(r iii 50) Zimrī-Lîm [...]

r iii 5151

mi--li na?-[ak-ri ...]

(r iii 51) (in?) the centre of enemies [...]

r iii 5252

zu-bi [...]

(r iii 52) (...) [...]

r iii 5353

LUGAL x [...]

(r iii 53) the king [...]

r iii 5454

ḪI-x [...]

(r iii 54) (...) [...]

Column iv
r iv 1r iv 1

[x x x x x x]-am iḫ-

(r iv 1) [...] he broke

r iv 22

[x x x x] ú-ša--ki-in

(r iv 2) [...] he caused to establish

r iv 33

[x x x] ú-ma-al-li ma-a-tam

(r iv 3) [...] he filled the land

r iv 44

[ša zi-im-ri]-li-im i-pu-lu ze-er-tam

(r iv 4) [those who] answered Zimrī-Lîm (with) hostility,

r iv 55

[ú]-ul ib-lu-ṭú šu-nu im-tu-tu

(r iv 5) they did not live, they died.

r iv 66

[]-tu LUGAL ik-šu-du ḫa-da-an-šu

(r iv 6) Once the king has accomplished his goal,

r iv 77

[i]-ru-ub ma-ḫa-ar nu-na-am-ni-ir

(r iv 7) he entered before Nunamnir,

r iv 88

[i]-na e-ki-si-iq-qa SÍSKUR.RE-šu iq-

(r iv 8) in Ekisiqqa he sacrificed his sacrifice,

r iv 99

[]-re-eb ter-qaki na-ra-ma-at dda-gan

(r iv 9) in the midst of Terqa, the beloved (city) of Dagān,

r iv 1010

ba-la-ṭà-am ḫe-gál-la-am ù da-na-na-am

(r iv 10) life, abundance and strength

r iv 1111

it-ti dda-gan zi-im-ri-li-im i-ri-

(r iv 11) from Dagān, Zimrī-Lîm requested.

1 One may be very well tempted to reconstruct Itūr in the lacuna . This was done e.g . in the translation by Miglio (2017 : 231 ). However , Guichard comments on this line and argues that this reconstruction is impossible (2014 : 27–28).

2 Miglio 2017 : 231 , note 7 , translates : “He (Anu ) exalted” , reading ú-ša-ar-bi-ma.

3 Guichard reconstructs GIŠ.IG.ḪÁ ša-du-i (?), “vantaux de la montagne (?)” as a parallel with i : 35–37 . I am not completely convinced by this reconstruction and I leave it rather unreconstructed.

4 Wasserman (2015 : 55 ) disagrees with this interpretation and suggest translating ‘red deer , stag’ from Akk . lulīmum , connecting it with the first millennium material

5 Probably the tamarisk’s = of the enemies.

6 Following the suggestion on Wasserman (2015 : 55 ), I take šu-še-ra-nim as a Š-stem form of ešērum and not wuššurum as Guichard (“Libérez(-le ) pour moi!” , “Liberate it (the land ) for me” ). It makes more sense to me as a parallel with ii : 28 . Nevertheless , both options make enough sense to me.

7 See CAD P : piḫru ‘mng . unknown’ ; Mari : ‘elite troops’ . However , this term seems to reference ‘recruitment , conscript’ in Mari , derived from CDA : 277–278 puḫru 2 , ‘gathering of clan , family , people , land , etc.’ . For the interpretation as ‘recruitment , (regular ) conscript’ , see discussions in Guichard 2014a : 48 , and LAPO 17 : 196–197 and 362 , translation of Miglio (2017 : 233 ), or a brief reference in Hamblin 2006 : 192.

8 Šiwītu is not interpreted neither in CAD Š : 147 nor in CDA : 378 (šiwiātum ). I have no better suggestion than Guichard , who connects this word with verb šawûm , ‘to roast’ in parallel with the previous line (2014a : 58 ). The same interpretation is followed by Miglio (2017 : 233 , note 33 ), too.

9 Guichard translates “Les haches (aiguisées ) à leur côté fulminaient” , connecting išurrū with the adjective šērum , ‘fierce’ (2014a : 60 ). Miglio , on the other hand , translates “(With ) weapons menacing their [x x ] x” and connects the verb with the Ugaritic root š-r (2017 : 233 ). I am not particularly convinced by any of these suggestions , while I do not have a better one . Therefore , I leave this verb untranslated.

10 Guichard translates “pouvait compter sur les guerriers de son clan” , but his explanation in the commentary (2014a : 63 ) does not seem very clear to me . The word should be derived from ṣamāru , ‘to wish , strive for’ respectively with its derivate tiṣmuru , ‘intent , anxious’ and I cannot find the logic by which its meaning is transferred to ‘count on , rely on’ . Also , the reference to ARM XXVI/1 : 393 seems not very helpful to me , since there Durand only translates ti-iṣ-ma-ra as ‘soyez ardent’ . Miglio translates “Inspected his men (who were like ) his family” without any explanation (2017 : 234 ). I guess this interpretation could be based on CAD Z : zamāru B , ‘to account for , to count (?)’ . I leave this part untranslated for now.

11 In ARM XXVI/1 : 363 , Durand suggested reading d[i-in-na ], ‘be strong’ , in parallel with the imperative in tiṣmurā . While I like this reconstruction better , it is not in accord with Guichard’s reading of the first and last signs.


Transliteration based on Guichard 2014, translation by František Válek. The annotated edition is released under the Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike license 3.0. Please cite this page as http://oracc.org/nere/Q009326/.